TÜRKMEN DÜŞÜNDIRIŞ SÖZLÜGY

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radio   ['radio] n. radio. ~ aýtdyrmak to switch on the radio. ~ diňlemek to listen in. ~da bermek to broadcast.

rahat   [ra:hat] n. 1 • calm, quiet. ~ ýer quiet place. Gijäňiz ~ bolsun! Good night!

2 • peace, comfort. ~ uklamak to sleep in peace. Men indi çagamdan ~, ol okuwa ýerleşdi. I'm now free from my child, she is going to school. Men öýe gelenimden soň ~ tapdym. I had some peace and quiet once I got home.

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rahatlanmak   [ra:hatlanmak] v. to calm oneself, settle down, pacify oneself. Rahatlanyň! Don't worry! Seniň ilki rahatlanmagyň gerek, bolan zatlary soňra gürrüň berersiň. First you need to calm down, then you can explain what happened. Ejesini gören çaga rahatlandy. The child who saw his mother calmed down.

rahatlyk   [ra:hatlyk] n. peace, calmness. Oňa ~ gerek. He needs some peace (and quiet). rahatlygy bozmak to shatter someone's peace and quiet, disturb somebody. Gijäniň rahatlygy başlandy. The night's peace began.

raketa   [ra'keta] n. rocket; missile; flare. kosmosa goýberilýän ~ space rocket. ~ goýbermek to start/launch a rocket/missile.

1 • rocket. baýramçylyk ~lary fireworks. asmanda ýarylýan ~

Usage: distress signal 2 • flare. ýagtylyk ~sy sesli ~

3 • missile. Category: weapon. ballistik ~ ballistic missile. kosmosa goýberilýän ~ space rocket. ortaça agalyga hereket edýän~ medium-range missiles. "Ýer-howa" kysymly ~ 'Earth-Space' branded rocket.

raport   ['raport] n. report. dilden ~ bermek to give a report orally. ýazmaça ~ written report. See: habarnama.

raspisaniýe   [raspi'saniýe] n. time-table, schedule. sapaklaryň ~si class time-table. ~ boýunça according to the time-table/schedule. Otly ~ boýunça barýar. The train is running to time. See: reje.

rast   [ra:st] adj. true. ~ aýtmak to tell the truth; to be true. seniň aýdýanlaryň ~ what you said is true.

raý1   [ra:ý] n. 1 • movement, pace.

2 • will. öz ~yna of one's own free will, of one's own accord.

3 • wish, desire. ~yňdan gaýtmak to give up one's desire.

1 •  Atlar öz ~yna çapyp barýarlar. Horses race in their own way. öz ~yňa ýöremek to live your own life. öz ~yňa hereket etmek to act in accordance with your intentions.

2 •  Ol çagalaryň ~yny ýykmak eslemedi. He didn't want to disappoint the child. tomaşaçylaryň ~yna garap aýdym aýtmak To look at the spectators and sing.

3 •  Ony ~yňdan gaýtarmak kyn. It is hard to change her mind. Sen bu ~yňdan gaýt. Stop thinking like that.

raý2   [ra:ý] n. faint. ~ keseli fainting sickness.

raýat   [ra:ýat] n. citizen, subject. Sen haýsy döwletiň ~y? Türkmenistanyň ~y

adj. civic, civil. ~ nikasy civil wedding. ~ hukugy civil law.

raýatlyk   [ra:ýatlyk] n. citizenship. bir döwletiň raýatlygyny almak to gain citizenship of a country. Men Türkmenistanyň raýatlygyna geçdim. I became a citizen of Turkmenistan.

adj. civil, civilian, civic. ~ hukuklary civil rights. ~ hukugy civil law. ~ urşy civil war.

raýdaşlyk   [ra:ýdaşlyk] n. solidarity, unanimity. ~ bildirmek to express one's solidarity (with somebody). Men demokratlara ~ bildirýärin. I want to express my solidarity with the democrats.

raýyş   [ra:ýyş] n. bank of an irrigation channel. kanalyň ~y canal bank.

razy   [ra:zy:] adj. 1 • satisfied (with), pleased (with). ~ bolmak to be satisfied (with). Men senden ~ I am satisfied with you. Men muňa ~ däl. I'm not happy with that.

2 • in agreement. Men seniň aýdanyň bilen razy. I agree with what you have said. Ol diňe okamaga ~ boldy. He was only content to study. Ol öýlenmäge ~ boldy. He agreed to get married.

Razy bol!   -. Menden razy bol, eje! Mother, make peace with me!

razyçylyk   [ra:zy:çylyk] n. Biz gyzyň kakasyndan ~ aldyk. We gained the agreement of the girl's father. to get married.

nika razyçylygyny almak   to gain agreement for a marriage. Saýatlar ýigitden we gyzdan nika razyçylygyny aldylar. The witnesses obtained the marriage agreement of the bride and groom. equivalent to signing the registry ?? But perhaps they ask questions (more like Vicar). See: razylyk.

razylaşmak   [ra:zy:laşmak] v. 1 • to put up with, to resign oneself to; added above de and delted to reconcile oneself (to), resign oneself (to) to fit in with egs. Ol ýagdaý bilen razylaşmaly boldy. He had to accept the situation.

2 • to agree. Ol meniň bilen razylaşdy. He agreed with me.

3 • to say goodbye.

1 •  Ol ýagdaý bilen razylaşmaly boldy. He had to accept the situation. Beýle şert bilen ~ bolmaz. It's impossible to agree to that condition.

2 •  Olar harydyň bahasynda ~ islemediler. They didn't want to agree to the price of the goods. Men ol pikir bilen razylaşýaryn. I agree with that suggestion.

3 •  Ol meniň bilen razylaşdy. He agreed with me. Men ejem bilen razylaşmaga ýetişmedim. I didn't have time to make my peace with my mother.

razylyk   [ra:zy:lyk] n. 1 • satisfaction, contentment. Ol barada uçilişäniň direksiýasyndan ~ aldy. He took satisfaction from the three year management.

2 • consent, assent. ~ bermek to give one's consent. ählumumy ~ bilen by common consent.

1 • consent. ~ bermek to agree. Gyz durmuşa çykmaga ~ berdi. The young woman gave her consent to (to the young man).

2 • satisfaction. Men başga işe öz razylygym bilen geçdim. I changed jobs because I wanted to.

razylyk bildirmek   v. to give one's consent, show satisfaction, agree. nä razylyk bidirmek to disagree, show dissatisfaction. Ol bu teklibe özüniň razylygyny bildirdi. He made known that he agreed with this suggestion. Ol bu işe özüniň razylygyny bildirdi. He made known that he was happy with this job.

real   [re'al] adj. real, material. See: belli; anyk.

redaksiýa   [re'daksiýa] n. 1 • editorial staff, editorial office. gazetiň ~sy newspaper's editorial division. žurnalyň ~sy magazin's editorial division. ~ bilen aragatnaşyk saklamak to keep good relations with the editorial staff.

2 • editorship, editing. ~nyň ýerleşýän ýeri head office. gazetiň redaksiýanyň adresi the newspaper's head office.

3 • wording. romanyň ilkinji ~sy first/original wording of a novel. Ataýewiň ~sy bilen çapa taýýarlandy. It was prepared for publication by Atayev.

redaktor   [re'daktor] n. editor. baş ~ chief editor, editor-in chief (US). bölüm ~y sub-editor.

reforma   [re'forma] n. reform. ~ geçirmek to reform.

registrasiýa   [regi'strasiýa] n. Usage: airport check-in. ~ etmek to check-in. registrasiýa geçmek to get past baggage-check. registrasiýa başlamak for baggage-check to begin. See: hasaba almak.

rehim   n. mercy, pity. ~ etmek to have mercy, have compassion. ~ etmezlik to not spare.

~iň gelmek   to feel sorry (for), regret. Meniň oňa rehmim gelip, pul kömegini etdim. I felt sorry for him, so I gave him some money.

~i inmek   to have compassion. Seniň ýaş çagalara rehmiň insin. May compassion come down on your young children! i.e. from God.

rehimdar   [rehimda:r] n. soft-hearted, forgiving; the merciful. See: rehimli.

rehimdarlyk   [rehimda:rlyk] n. compassion. Category: character. ~ etmek to have compassion, be kind. Ol ~ edip, ýetim çagany hossarlyga aldy. He had compassion on the orphan and took him under his care. Ondan rehimdarlyga garaşma. Don't expect him to be kind. See: rehimlilik.

rehimli   adj. compassionate, merciful. Ol ~ adam. She is a compassionate person. ~ bolmak to be merciful/compassionate.

rehimsiz   adj. cruel(ly), ruthless(ly), merciless(ly). Sen haýwana ~ bolma! Don't be so cruel to an animal! Ol garşydaşyna ~ daraşdy. He treated his rival cruelly.

rehimsizlik   n. pitilessness, mercilessness, ruthlessness. ~ bilen without mercy. ~ etmek to express one's cruelty.

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2 •  Sen kemçilikleri ~ bilen paş et. Reveal his shortcomings without mercy. Terbiýe meselesinde ~ etmek bolmaz. In issues of discipline it's no good being cruel.

rehim-şepagat   [rehim-şepa:gat] n. See: rehim; şepagat. Ol adamda ~ ýok. That person doesn't have any compassion. öýsüzlere ~ etmek to have compassion on the homeless. ~ soramak to ask for mercy.

reje   n. 1 • intention. onuň ~si geň däl his intentions aren't honourable.

2 • time-table, schedule.

3 • order. rejä salmak to put in order.

rejeli   adj. accurately, orderly. ~ goýmak to put in order.

rejissýor   n. Usage: film, theatre producer. ~yň kömekçisi assistant producer, stage manager.

reklama   [re'klama] n. advertisement. ~ etmek to advertise. ~ bermek to put in an advertisement. See: mahabat.

rektor   ['rektor] n. rector. Aşgabat uniwersitetiň ~y the principal of Ashgabat university.

remont   [re'mont] n. repair(s), maintenance. düýpli ~ overhaul, refit, major/capital repairs. ~a bolmak to be under repair. ~ etmek to repair, recondition, overhaul. See: bejermek; bezemek; abatlaýyş; bejergi.

rentgen   [rent'gen] n. X-ray photography. ~ şöhlesi ~ suraty ~ apparaty

reňk   n. 1 • paint. ~ çalmak to paint. pola ~ çalmak to paint the floor. Size haýsy ~ gerek? Which colour do you want?

Usage: soaking in a liquid 2 • dye. ~ çalmak to dye.

3 • Brit. colour, US color. gyzyl ~ red colour. Meýdan häzir ýaşyl ~de. The fields are green at the moment.

4 • blush, flush. Onuň ýzüniň ~i saralypdyr. His face had gone pale. Lit: his face had gone yellow Ol meni göreninde, ~i üýtgedi. When he saw me, he went red. Lit: when he saw me he changed colour

~i gaçmak   to lose colour, become pale.

~ki agarmak   to go pale. Gorkmakdan ýaňa onuň reňki agardy. He went white with fear.

~ki öçmek   for face to bleach. Näsagyň ýüzüniň reňki öçüpdir. Nasag's face bleached.

bugdaý ~ adam   swarthy person.

reňklemek   v. 1 • to paint, colour (in).

Usage: soak in a liquid 2 • to dye, colour. saçyňy ~ to dye one's hair.

reňkli   adj. 1 • painted, coloured. ~ pol painted floor. the traditional colour to paint a floor in Turkmenistan is reddish-brown. ~ mebel painted furniture.

2 • dyed, coloured.

3 • colour. ~ film colour film. ~ surat colour photography.

repetitor   n. coach. ~ bolup işlemek

repide   [repi:de] n. repide. round hand-made instrument used to bake bread.

reportaž   n. Usage: from reporter report, account, piece of reporting. See: ýanhabar.

resmi   [resmi:] adj. official. ~ habar official information. ~ çagyryş formal invitation. ~ däl unofficial. ~ wekil an official.

resmileşdirmek   [resmi:leşdirmek] v. to register officially. dokumentleri ~ to validate the documents. by having them stamped, perhaps.

respublika   [res'publika] n. republic.

respublikan   adj. republican. ~ guramalar republican organs. edara edişiň ~ düzgüni

restoran   [resto'ran] n. restaurant. See: aşhana; çaýhana.

resul   [resu:l] n. prophet, God's envoy.

resurs   [resu:rs] n. resourses. önümçilik ~lary industrial resourses. suw ~lary water resources. See: ulanylmaýan mümkinçilikler.

ret   adv. rejection. ~ etmek to decline, turn down; to refuse. haýyşy ~ etmek to refuse a request. teklibi ~ etmek to turn down a suggestion.

rewolýusiýa   [rewol'ýusiýa] n. revolution.

reýhan   [reýha:n] n. basil. Category: herb.

reýs   n. Usage: aeroplane flight. See: uçuş.

rezerw   [re'zerw] n. reserve(s). ~de bolmak to have in reserve. See: ätiýaçlyk.

rezin   [rezi:n] n. 1 • rubber. ~ galoş rubber galoshes/overshoes. ~ ädik wellington boots, wellies. ~ senagaty rubber industry.

2 • rubber band. ~li geýim rubber clothing. Onuň bilinde ~ bar ekeni. At his waist he had a belt made from rubber.

rähnet   n. pleasure, enjoyment. ~ görmek to enjoy, take pleasure. Çekseň zähmet - ýagar ~ . nakyl

rol   n. 1 • role, part. Usage: theatre baş ~ leading part. baş ~y oýnamak to play the leading part.

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roman1   [ro'man] n. Usage: literature novel.

roman2   [ro'man] adj. 1 • Romance. Usage: language group ~ dilleri Romance languages.

Usage: speaker of a Romance language 2 • Romanic.

rowaç   [rowa:ç] adj. successful, lucky. ~ bolmak to be successful. işiň ~ bolsun! Good luck!, I wish you every success!

rowaçlanmak   [rowa:çlanmak] v. to reach/obtain success. Onuň biznes işi rowaçlanyp başlady. His business began to gain success.

rowaçlyk   [rowa:çlyk] n. luck, success, progress. Ol söwda işlerine geçip, ~ tapdy. He changed to a job in business, and found success there.

rowana bolmak   [rowa:na bolmak] *. to start, move. ýola ~ bolmak to set off on a journey.

rowaýat   [rowa:ýat] n. 1 • legend. ~a görä according to the legend.

Usage: often for children 2 • tale, fairytale.

rowa görmezlik   [rowa: görmezlik] adv. considered unworthy. Ol baýlygyny çagasynyň okuwyna harçlamagy ~ görmändir. He didn't consider it a waste of money to spend his riches on his children's education.

rozetka   [ro'zetka] n. Usage: electrical socket.

röwşen   adj. 1 • shining, glittering, sparkling. ~ gözler shining eyes.

Usage: fig 2 • bright, joyful, happy. biziň ~ geljegimiz our bright future.

3 •  ~ pikirli intellectually inclined.

rubaşka   n. man's collared shirt. See: oglan köýnek.

ruçka   ['ruçka] n. 1 • pen. Usage: writing peroly ~ şarikili ~ See: syýagalam.

2 • handle. See: tutawaç.

rugsat   n. 1 • permission, allow.

~ bermek   -. işden galmaga rugsat bermek to allow to stay off work.

~ almak    işden galmak üçin rugsat almak to obtain permission to stay off work.

~ etmek    oňa işden ir gitmäge rugsat edildi she was given permssion to leave work early.

2 • holiday. bir aý rugsada çykmak to take a month's holiday.

Usage: from work 3 • leave. rugsatda on leave. dekret rugsady maternity leave.

ruh1   [ru:h] n. 1 • spirit; courage.

~dan düşmek   to lose courage, lose heart, become despondent; ~uňy götermek.

to infuse courage   

Usage: religious 2 • soul, spirit.

3 • ghost.

1 •  ~dan düşmek ~uňy götermek

2 •  milli ~ national spirit. halkyň ~y the people's spirit.

3 •  Mukaddes ~ Holy Spirit. Meniň gözüme bir ~ göründi. A spirit appeared before my eyes.

4 •  ölen adamyň ~y a dead person's spirit.

ruh2   [ru:h] n. Usage: chess rook, castle.

ruhany   [ru:ha:ny:] n. priest.

ruhlandyrmak   [ru:hlandyrmak] v. to inspire, encourage. Halypa şägirdini ruhlandyrdy. The guru encouraged his disciples. The tutor encouraged his students.

ruhlanmak   [ru:hlanmak] v. to be/feel inspired, be encouraged. şatlykly habara ~ to be encouraged by good news.

Ruhnama   n. September. The Ruhnama, or "spiritual writings", is a book published by President Saparmurat Niýazow; the month is named in honor of this book.

ruhsuz   [ru:hsuz] adj. sad, down.

ruhubelent   [ru:hubelent] adj. 1 • inspired. ~ ýazyjy inspired writer.

2 • enthusiastic. Ol öz işine ruhubelent başlady. He began his work with enthusiasm.

ruhubelentlik   [ru:hubelentlik] n. inspiration, enthusiasm. ~ bilen inspiredly, with enthusiasm, enthusiastically.

ruhy   [ru:hy] adj. 1 • spiritual. ~ dünýä inner world. ~ baýlyklar cultural wealth. ~ taýdan spiritually.

2 • intellectual. ~ taýdan güýçli spiritually strong. ~ ejiz adam spiritually weak person.

3 •  ~ baglanyşyk spiritual connection. ~ golaýlyk spiritual closeness. ~ isleg spiritual desire.

ruhyçökgünlik   [ru:hyçökgünlik] n.

rul   n. (steering) wheel. welosipediň ~y handlebars of a bicycle. gäminiň ~y rudder/helm of a ship.

1 • wheel, helm. maşynyň ~y steering wheel. gäminiň ~y ship's helm.

2 • handlebars. welosipediň ~y bicycle handlebars.

Usage: aeroplane, helicopter 3 • controls, joystick.

4 • helm, tiller. gäminiň ~y ship's helm.

Rum   [ru:m]  Category: geogr.

n. Rome.

rus   adj. Russian. ~ dilinde geplemek to speak Russian. ~ gyzy Russian girl. ~ oglany Russian boy. Category: language.

rusça   adv. in Russian. ~ geplemek

ruslaşmak   v. to become russified. ruslaşan millet a russified nation. medeniýetiň ruslaşmagy the russification of one's culture.

Russiýa   n. Russia. Category: geogr. See: Orsýet.

rüstem   adj. strong, invincible.

rysgal   n. 1 • lot, portion; provision. Ol öz ~yny gara hyzmaty bilen gazanýar. He earns what is due to him by the sweat of his brow. Baýguşuň ~y agzyna geler. nakyl An owl will be provided for.

2 • fate. Öýüňize ~ ýagsyn. May good fortune rain on his house. Saçagyňyza ~! Blessings on your tablecloth! i.e. may it (tablecloth, bread cloth) always be bursting full of food.

rysgally   adj. fortunate; lucky; happy; successful. ~ adam lucky person.

rysk   1 • lot; fate.

2 • provision. Bu seniň ~yň. This is your fate, ~yňy zähmet bilen gazanmak To earn your due by hard work.

rysky aýrylmadyk   -. Ryskyň aýrylmadyk bilsa, hiç zat bolmaz. (diri galmak) If your good fortune hasn't been removed, nothing will go wrong. See: rysgal.

ryswa   [ryswa:] adj. disgraced, shamed. ~ bolmak to disgrace oneself, be disgraced. ~ etmek to disgrace, defame.