TÜRKMEN DÜŞÜNDIRIŞ SÖZLÜGY

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G - g

gaba   [ga:ba] adj. 1 • thick, splendid. ~ saç thick hair.

2 • big, large. ~ telpek large papakha (tall astrakhan hat).

1 •  ~adam

2 •  ~ telpek

3 •  ~ görnüş

gabahat   adj. improper, indecent, outrageous. ~ iş etmek to do something indecent. özüňi ~ alyp barmak to behave improperly, to do something shocking.

gabak   [ga:bak] n. eyelid. badam ~ almond-shaped eyelid. ýokarky hem aşaky ~ ~ astyndan bakmak

gabalmak   [ga:balmak] v. 1 • to be surrounded, be encircled. daşy ~ to be encircled.

2 • to be driven, be rounded up. Sygyrlar agyla gabaldy. The cows were driven into the shed.

gabamak   v. 1 • to surround, encircle, blockade, block. duşmany ~ to encircle the enemy.

2 • to drive, round up, herd. Çagalar ýat myhmanyň daşyny gabadylar. Olar goýunlary agyla gabadylar. They rounded up the sheep into the cattle-shed.

gabanjaň   [ga:banjaň] adj. jealous. ~ bolmak to be jealous. ~ aýal jealous woman.

gabanjaňlyk   [ga:banjaňlyk] n. jealousy. ~ duýgusy feeling of jealousy. ~ bilen with jealousy. ~ etmek to be jealous.

gabanmak   [ga:banmak] v. to be jealous.

gabara   n. size, dimensions. jaýyň ~sy the size of a house.

gabarmak   [ga:barmak] v. 1 •  Içine goş-golam dykylan torba gabarypdyr.

2 • to swell, be covered with swellings. Ellerim gabarypdyr. My hands have swollen up. Aýagym gabardy.

3 • to give oneself airs, put on airs. Ol gabarmagy halamaýar. He doesn't like giving himself airs.

gabat   adj. 1 • mirror. ~ma-~ face to face. meýdançanyň ~ garşysynda ~ma-~ oturmak

2 • at, in front of, near. Ol jaýyň gabadynda agaç ekdi. He planted a tree near the house.

~ gelmek   to fit, coincide, fig mirror one another.

gabatlamak   v. to time something to coincide (with), arrange (something for). baýramçylyga ~ to arrange something for the holiday.

1 •  Men dagy gabatlap ugradym.

2 •  Täze ýyla ~

gabat gelmek   n. fit, coincide, face.

gabaw   [ga:baw] n. siege, blockade.

1 •  ~a düşmek to be encircled, be hemmed in on all sides. ~dan çykmak to break out of a siege.

2 •  ykdysady ~ economic blockade.

gabawhana   n. 1 • prison cell. Polis ony tutup gabawhana saldy. The police arrested him and placed him in a cell.

2 • pen. Gaçan mallary geterip, gabawhana saldylar. The animals that had escaped were brought back and put in the pen.

gabrystan   [gabrysta:n] n. cemetery, graveyard, burial-ground.

gabyk   [ga:byk] n. skin, shell; peel; bark; rind?

1 •  ýumurtganyň gabygy egg-shell.

2 •  agajyň gabygy

3 •  apelsin gabygy

4 • 

gabyr   n. grave.

gaçak   n. runaway, fugitive.

gaçalga   n. 1 • refuge, asylum, shelter. ~ gözlemek to seek refuge/asylum. ~ tapmak to take refuge (in). syýasy ~ political asylum.

2 • way out, loophole. Ol dogrusyny aýtmakdan gaçalga tapdy. He found a way out, so that he wouldn't have to tell the truth.

1 •  uly jaýlarda ýörite ~ gurmak ~ ýerleri

2 •  Oňa dogrusyny aýtmakdan başga ~ galmady.

3 •  ~ gözlemek ~ tapmak syýasy ~

gaçgak   n. 1 • fugitive, runaway. ~ adam ~ mal

2 • deserter.

gaçgak haryt   contraband, smuggling.

3 • refugee.

gaçgyn   n. refugee. Gaçgynym şol. I am fed up with it/him. ~lap topary group of refugees.

gaçmak   v. 1 • to run away, get out of the way.

2 • to escape.

3 • to fall. Güýzde ýapraklar gaçýarlar. In autumn leaves fall (from the trees).

4 • to avoid. ýaramaz gürrüňlerden ~ to avoid gossip.

ysgyndan ~   to weaken, grow weak, lose strength.

1 •  Pişik itden gaçdy.

2 •  Kitap elimden gaçdy. Güýzde ýapraklar gaçýarlar.

3 •  Derýanyň suwy aşak gaçypdyr.

4 •  ýaramaz gürrüňden ~

5 •  Onuň dilinden aýtmasyz söz gaçdy.

6 • 

gaharyň ~   

gany ~   

keýpiň ~   

ukyň ~   

ysgyndan ~   

gaçy   n. dam, dike. ~ gurmak to dam, dike, block up.

gaçybatalga   n. shelter. Garagum çöli köpler üçin ~ bolupdy. See: gaçalga.

gaçyrmak   v. 1 • to put to flight.

2 • to cause to fall, shake down. almany urup ~ to cause an apple to fall.

3 • to drop, let fall. kitabe ~ to drop a book.

4 • to deprive (of). güýjüni ~ to weaken, enfeeble.

5 • to let go/slip. towugy ~ to let a chicken slip.

boýun ~   to refuse.

bir heň ~   to play a tune.

1 •  eliňden açary ~ kitaby ~

2 •  almany urup ~

3 •  atyňy ~ guşy ~

4 •  güýjüňi ~ akylyňy ~

boýun ~   

bir heň ~   

haýyny ~   

ynjalygyny ~   

gaçyş   n. flight, escape.

gadagan   adj. prohibited, banned, forbidden. Geçmek gadagan. No trespassing.

gadam   n. 1 • step. ~ urmak to march. Esgerler deň ~ urýarlar. Soldiers march in line.

2 •  Täze asyra ~ goýmak.

gadym   [gady:m] n. antiquity, ancient, historic. ~ wagtlarda in ancient times. ~ zamanda

gadymky   [gady:mky] adv. See: gadymy.

gadymy   [gady:my] adj. ancient, old, antique, olden (days). gadymy turkmenler Turkmen in ancient times. gadym ancient. gadym zamanda... long ago. ~ däp

gadyr   n. 1 • respect, esteem. ~ goýmak to respect, esteem. ~ etmek

2 • cost, price, worth, value. ~yny bilmek to know one's worth/value. ~ gijesi night of the Gadyr, Laylat al-Qadir. A night towards the end of Ramadan, when an unexpected visitor brings gifts to lucky households.

gadyrly   adj. dear, close, respectable, esteemed. ~ myhman respectable guest. ~ görüşmek to greet someone kindly.

gagşamak   v. to shiver, tremble, quiver, shake. sowukdan ýaňa ~ to tremble/shiver with cold. gorkudan ýaňa ~ to tremble/shake with fear. üşäp ~

gahar   n. anger. ~ gelmek to get angry. Meniň gaharym geldi. I was angry. ~ etmek gaharyňy ýuwutmak

gahar-gazap   n. rage. gahar-gazaba münmek to work oneself into a fury, become furious. Ol ~ bilen ýerinden turdy.

gaharjaň   adj. hot-tempered, angry.

gaharjaňlyk   n. malice, spite, ill-naturedness, fury.

gaharlandyrmak   v. to make angry, anger, vex, tease, irritate.

gaharlanmak   v. to be angry.

gaharly   adj. low in spirits, feeling bad.

gahat   adj. 1 • rare, scarce. ~ harytlar scarce goods, commodities in short supply. Usage: dial

2 • foul, infamous, vile. ~ iş infamous/vile action, act of infamy.

gahatlyk   n. 1 • rarity, deficit.

2 • infamy, vileness, foulness. Bu gahatlykdyr. That is a mean thing to do. ~ döwri

gahryman   [gahryma:n] n. hero.

1 •  Watanyň ~y

2 •  çeper eseriň ~y

3 •  Gökdepe ~ gala.

gahrymançylyk   [gahryma:nçylyk] n. heroism. ~ görkezmek to show/display heroism.

gala   [gala:] n. fort, castle, (walled) city, (walled) town. gök depe galasy the city of Gok Tepe. Gökdepe galasy galada ýaşamak

galak   [ga:lak] adj. backwards, underdeveloped. ~ ýurt backward country. ~ pikirli

galam1   n. pencil. ~ bilen surat çekmek ~ haky (honorar) Galamyň ýörgünli bolsun!

galam2   n. Usage: dial spoon. ~ bilen iýmek to eat with a spoon. Nahary ~ bilen iýmeli.

galanja   [ga:lanja] adj. remains.

galapyn   [galapy:n] adj. majority, most of. talyplaryň ~y most of the students. Men ~ pyýada ýöremegi halaýaryn.

galat   adj. wrong, incorrect, false. Seniň aýdýanlaryň galat. What you say is not true. ~ habar incorrect information. ~ aýtmak tell a lie, tell lies.

galaýyçy   [gala:ýyçy] n. tinker, tinsmith, blacksmith.

galdyrmak   [ga:ldyrmak] v. 1 • to leave. çagalary öýde ~ to leave the children at home. Men kitaby öýde galdyrdym. I left the book at home. Men sagadymy galdyrdym.

2 • to put off. işi ertire ~ to put off one's work till tomorrow.

3 • to forget, leave. açary öýde ~ to leave the keys at home. bäsdeşiňi yzda ~

haýran ~   to surprise.

hiç zatsyz ~   

täsir ~   to impress.

galdyrylmak   v. 1 • to be lifted, be taken up.

2 • to be increased. Çöregiň bahasy galdyryldy. The cost of bread was increased.

galgatmak   [ga:lgatmak] v. 1 • to blow, to flutter. Ýel baýdaklary galgatýardy. The banners were fluttering in the wind. Ýel çadyry galgadýar.

2 • to wave. eliňi ~ to wave one's hand.

galkan   n. shield.

galkynmak   v. to be inspired/encouraged (by), be filled with.

galkynyş   n. inspiration, encouragement, renewal, revival. ruhy ~ spiritual revival. ~ hereketi inspired action.

galla   n. grain. ~ önümleri grain products. ~ tohumy grain seed. ~ ekinleri ~ hasyly Gedaý ~ tapmaz, ~ tapsa - gap. nakyl

galmagal   n. 1 • noise, sound (of). Olaryň galmagaly eşidilýärdi. They were heard making a noise. ~ turuzmak to make a noise.

2 • row. ~ etmek make a row, kick up a row.

galmak   v. 1 • to remain, stay. galanlar those who remained i.e. the rest, the others. on bire on bäş minut galanda quarter to eleven.

2 • to rise, stand, get up, sit up.

Meniň gulagym galdy.   Lit: My ears rose up. My jaw dropped.

1 •  aýak üstüne ~ Ol ýerinden galdy.

2 •  Gün ýokary galdy.

3 •  Bahalar birden galdy.

4 •  Ýer asty suw ýokary galdy.

galoş   [ga'loş] n. galoshes, overshoes, rubbers.

galp   adj. false, fake, faked. ~ gol false signature. ~ pul false money, forgery, counterfeit. ~ pasport ~ adam

galstuk   ['galstuk] n. (neck)tie. ~ dakynmak to wear a necktie.

galtaman   n. 1 • robber, bandit, member of a raiding party.

2 •  See: basmaçy. ýolagçylary talaýan ~

galtaşmak   v. to touch, come into contact (with).

1 •  Meniň elim gyzyň tenine çala galtaşdy.

2 •  Biziň olar bilen galtaşygymyz bar.

galybermek   [ga:lybermek] v. to stay behind. barha yza ~

galyndy   [ga:lyndy] n. 1 • remnant, remains. mata ~sy remnants of fabric.

2 • survival, vestige. kapitalizmiň ~sy traces of capitalism. gulçulyk döwrüniň ~sy

3 • dross.

galyň1   adj. Usage: inanimate 1 • thick, fat. ~ kitap ~ geýinmek

2 • opaque. ~ gar ýagdy. ýüzi ~

galyň2   adj, pron. some, remaining, other. ~ adamlar some people, the remaining people, others. ~ agzyboşlar gybat ýaýradýarlar

galyň3   n. bride-price. money paid to bride's family and to bride in order to marry her. Ol gyzy üçin ~ aldy.

galyp   [ga:ly:p] n. 1 • form, pattern, mould. kerpiç guýulýan ~

Usage: grammar 2 • mood. galyba gaýdirmek

bir ~dan çykan ýaly   

bir ~daky   

gam   n. sadness. ~ çekmek be sad, be distressed/grieved. ~a batmak gamyny iýmek

gama   n. dagger, short sword. ýiti ~ sharp dagger. ~ dakynmak to wear a dagger.

gamaşyk   [ga:maşyk] adj. 1 • blinded. Ol ~ gözüni owkalady.

2 • cloudy, overcast. ~ howa dull/overcast weather.

gamçy   n. whip. ~nyň sapy whip-handle. ~ astyna almak lash, whip, knot. ~ iýmek to be beaten with whip. ~ bilen urmak to whip, knot. gamça basmak Ýagşy ata bir ~, ýaman ata müň ~. nakyl gamçysyndan gan damýar

gamçylamak   v. to whip, lash. aty ~ to whip a horse.

gamgyn   [gamgy:n] adj. sad.

gamgynlanmak   [gamgy:nlanmak] v. to be sad/grieved/distressed. biderek ~ to be sad for no particular reason. biderek zat üçin ~

gamgynlyk   [gamgy:nlyk] n. sadness.

gamhor   [gamho:r] adj. sympathetic, compassionate.

gamhorlyk   [gamho:rlyk] n. sympathy, concern. ~ bildirmek to express sympathy (concerning), have sympathy (for). ~ etmek

gamkeş   adj. careful. ~ adam careful person.

gamlanmak   v. to be sad, be mournful, be depressed.

gamly   adj. sad, sorrowful, melancholy. ~ bolmak to be sad. ~ gyz

gamlylyk   n. sadness, gloominess.

gamyş   n. cane, rush, reed. şeker gamşy sugar-cane. ~ jeňňeligi reeds, reed-bed.

1 •  suw boýunda ösüp oturan gamyşlar ~ jeňňeli

2 •  öýüň daşyna tutmak üçin ~ keçe basylýan ~

gan   [ga:n] n. blood, gore. ~ damarlary artery, vein. ~ döküşikli bloodthirsty, sanguinary. ~ basyşy ~ öýmek

~ aglamak   

~ almak   to take someone's blood.

~ algyly   

~ dökmek   

~ gargamak   

~ gagşamak   

~ gitmek   

~ gyzmak   

~ eňremek   

~ içmek   

nähak ~   

~ saçmak   

~ çaýkamak   

~ ysy gelmek   

~ ýuwutmak   

~a boýamak   

~a bulamak   

~a suwsamak   

~y gaýnamak   

~y gaçmak   

~y gaçyk   

~y gyzgyn   

~y sowamak   

~yna galmak   

~yňy gaçyrmak   

~yny geçmek   

~yny gyzdyrmak   

~yny soramak   

~yny sormak   

gan-da-pyçak bolmak   

ganamak   [ga:namak] v. to bleed.

ganar   n. sack.

ganat   [ga:nat] n. wing.

1 •  ganatly jandarlar Guş ~yndan kireý islemeýär. nakyl Aty baryň ~y bar. nakyl

2 •  tamyň çep ~y galanyň bir ~y

3 •  samolýotyň ~y ~ baglamak ~ germek ~ kakmak

ganatlandyrmak   [ga:natlandyrmak] v. to inspire. Üstünlik ony ganatlandyrdy. Success inspired him.

ganatlanmak   [ga:natlanmak] v. 1 • to be/become inspired. umyt bilen ~ to become inspired with hope. söýgi bilen ~

2 • to lend wings (to). Guşjagaz ganatlanyp başlady.

ganatmak   [ga:natmak] v. 1 • to bleed.

2 • to stain with blood. eliňi ~

gandal   n. shackles, fetters, irons. el ~y handcuffs, manacles. ~ dakmak to handcuff, manacle. eline ~ dakmak ~a salmak to put into irons. aýagyna ~ salmak

gandar   [ga:nda:r] n. murderer, murderess. hakyna tutma ~ hired assassin. ~ bolan adam

gandyrmak   [ga:ndyrmak] v. to slake, quench, satisfy. suwsuzlygyňy ~ to quench one's thirst. suwdan ~ to give someone water.

ganhor   [ga:nho:r] n. 1 • murderer. ~ häkim

2 • blood-sucker, vampire. ~ galtaman

ganjyk   n. bitch.

ganly   [ga:nly] adj. 1 • having blood. az ~ anaemic.

2 • bloody, blood-stained. ~ ýüz bloody face. arassa ~ at a thoroughbred.

1 •  ~ et

2 •  az ~

3 •  arassa ~ at

ganmak   [ga:nmak] v. to quench one's thirst, satisfy one's thirst. Men gandym. I've had enough to drink.

gant   n. sugar. ~ zawody sugar-refinery. ~ bilen çaý içmek ~ keseli diabetes. ~ şugundyry sugar-beet.

gantly   adj. sugared, sugary, sweet. ~ çaý sugared tea, tea with sugar, sweet tea.

ganym   [gany:m] adj. fierce, ferocious, cruel. ~ duşman mortal enemy, deadly enemy.

ganymat   [gany:mat] adj. not bad, quite good. Biz ~ hasyl ýygnadyk. We gathered in a good harvest. Nähili ýagdaýlaryň? -Ganymat, sag bol. How are you? Not bad, thank you. Hudaýa şükür, ýagdaýym ~. Biz ~ iş edipdiris.

gaňňa   n. saddle. Usage: for ass

gaňňalamak   v. to saddle. eşegi ~ to saddle the ass.

gaňrak   n. hook. ~dan asmak to hang something up on a hook. gaňraga dönmek to get thin.

gaňyrçak   n. peg. ~dan asmak hang up on a peg.

gap   [gap] adv. very. ~-gara the blackest. ~-garaňky too dark. ~-bil

gap   [ga:p] n. 1 • dishes, plates, crockery. gap-jan crockery. nahar iýilýän gaby a dinner service.

2 • box. bir ~ otlyçöp a box of matches.

3 • bag. däne üçin ~ a bag for grain.

4 • case. äýnek gaby spectacle-case. ~daky adam a man who wraps himself in cotton wool.

1 •  çüýşe ~ ýylylyk geçirmeýän ~

2 •  nahar üçin ~

3 •  däne üçin ~

4 •  äýnek gaby

5 •  bir ~ otluçöp bir ~ çilim

gapak   n. lid, cover, cap; top, roof.

1 •  çäýnegiň ~

2 •  dutaryň ~

3 •  guýynyň ~

4 •  Ýagyş ýagandan soň ýer gapaklapdyr.

gapan1   n. trap. ~a düşmek to fall into a trap. ~ gurmak to lay a trap.

gapan2   n. Usage: large (for weighing cars, etc.) weighing-machine. ~da çekmek to weigh on a weighing machine.

gapançy   n. weigher, one who weighs things.

gapdal   n. side.

1 •  Ol sag gapdalyna ýykyldy.

2 •  gapdalda duran maşyn Gapdalyňda sakla! Put (it) beside you!

3 •  Haýsy gapdala seretmeli? gapdala sowulmak

4 •  gapdaly bilen

gapdallamak   v. 1 • to go sideways. gapdallap geçmek to pass sideways.

2 • to go alongside. maşyny gapdallap gitmek to run alongside a car. kanaly gapdallap gitmek

gapdallaýyn   adj. sideways. ~ durmak to stand next to someone.

gapdalynda   post. near, next to. çep gapdalynda on the left hand side of.

gap-gaç   [ga:p-ga:ç] n. dishes, kitchenware.

gapjyk   n. wallet, purse. gaýyş ~ leather purse.

gaplamak   [ga:plamak] v. 1 • to pack, pack something up, box, tin. bitaplary ~ to pack books up. önümi gutulara ~

2 • to cloud over. Asmany bulut gaplady. The sky had clouded over.

3 • to quilt. ýorgan ~ to quilt a blanket.

gaplanmak   [ga:planmak] v. 1 • to be boxed, tinned, be packed up. gaplanan harytlar

2 • to cloud over, to be covered.

3 • to be quilted. ýorgan ~

gaplaň   n. 1 • tiger. Usage: striped

Usage: spotted 2 • leopard.

gapma-garşy   adj. 1 • opposite.

2 • contradictory, conflicting. ~ görkezmeler conflicting evidence. ~ maglumatlar contradictory information.

gapma-garşylyk   n. contradiction. synpy ~lar classdistinctions. ~ bolmasa ösüş ýok

gapmak   v. to catch.

1 •  topy ~ gapyp almak

2 •  gapak at Düýe köşegini gowy görse,hem deper, hem gapar nakyl

gapy   n. door. ~ny kakmak to knock on a door.

1 •  agaç ~

2 •  Gapyda durmak ýa-da oturmak bolmaýar.

3 •  gapyda it daňmak

gapyçy   n. Usage: colloq beggar. Gapyçynyň garny dok. nakyl A beggar is always well fed.

gapyk   adj. close. Garagyň gapykmy? Are your eyes closed?

gapyllyk   [ga:pyllyk] n. 1 • ignorance, lack of information. ~da goýmak to leave someone uninformed. ~da galmak

2 • unexpectedness, suddenness. ~da çozmak to attack suddenly. ~da düşmanyň üstüni basmak

gapyrga   n. ribs, back. döş ~sy

gapyrgasyny sanabermeli   

gapyrgasyndan torba asaýmaly   

gapyrjak   n. box. kemputly ~ box of sweets. çaý gapyrjagy tea-caddie.

gapyşmak   v. to join, link up, contact. Meniň ýadawlykdan gözlerim gapyşýar. I can hardly keep my eyes open.

gar   [ga:r] n. snow. ~ ýagmak to snow. Galan işe ~ ýagar. nakyl ~ awusy ýüzünden ~ ýagmak

gara   adj. 1 • black. gap-gara very black.

2 • darkness, shadow.

3 • a male person's name.

~sy ýitmek   to vanish, disappear.

4 • perverse, evil-intentioned.

1 •  ~ kömür ~ üzüm gap-gara

2 •  ~ sil ~ ýel ~ mal

3 •  Süýdüň içinde bir ~ bar. Köýnegiňe ~ ýelmeşipdir.

4 •  Bir ~ görünýär. It ~ görmese üýrmez nakyl

5 •  Onuň garasy görnenok. ~ bermek

6 • 

garabasma   n. nightmare.

garagalpak   n. Karakalpak. Category: geogr. ~ aýaly Karakalpak woman. ~ halky ~ dili the Karakalpak language. Category: language.

garagol   [garago:l] n. mischievous child. ~ oglan mischievous boy.

garaguş1   n. crow, vulture, raven, eagle. Category: zool.

garaguş2   n. Usage: medical epilepsy. ~ agyryly epileptic. ~ tutmak

garahassa   n. plague, black death.

garaž   [ga'raž] n. garage.

garak   n. 1 • pupil. Seniň garagyň gapykmy? Are you walking around with your eyes shut?

2 • eye. Şor ýerde ~ ösüp otyr.

garakçy   n. robber, brigand. deňiz ~lary sea-robbers, pirates. ýol ~lary

garaköl   [garakö:l] n. astrakhan fur. ~ bagana astrakhan skin/fell.

garaköli   [garakö:li] adj. astrakhan. ~ goýun astrakhan sheep.

garalama1   n. accusation. ~ kagyzlar

garalama2   n. draft, rough copy, rough note-book. kanunyň ~sy çyzygy işleriniň ~sy

garalamak   v. 1 • to blacken, make something black. kagyzy ~ to colour the paper black. gaşyňy ~ kirpigiňi ~

2 • to stain, dirty, soil. Usage: colloq köýnegiňi ~ to stain one's shirt. üstüňi ~

3 • to accuse (someone of), set the blame (on someone), shame. ädigiňi ~

4 • to ruin someone. ýoldaşyňy ~

garalawçy   n. accuser, prosecutor. jemgyýetçilik ~sy public prosecutor.

garalmak1   v. 1 • to turn/grow/go black. güne ~ to become sunburnt.

2 • to go/grow/get dark, darken. Iňrik garaldy. It grew dark.

3 • to appear, be visible. Uzakda bir zat garalýar. Something dark can be seen in the distance.

4 • to be gloomy, be overcast. Asman garalýar. The sky is darkening.

5 • to ripen. Üzüm eýýäm garalypdyp. The grapes have already ripened. Üzümler garalypdyr.

garalyp durmak   

garalmak2   v. to be treated, be regarded. sowuk-sala ~ to be treated carelessly. Şu günki mejlisde bäş meselä garaldy. Bu işe öň garalypdy.

garalowjy   n. prosecutor.

garaly   [gara:ly] n. plum. ~ gülläpdir. ~ mürepbesi

garalyk   n. 1 • blackness.

2 • guilt. ~ ýöňkemek to accuse someone (of), slander. birine ~ ýöňkemek

bagty ~   

garamak1   v. 1 • to look, glance; watch. Ol gyz maňa gülüp garady. daş-töweregiňe ~

2 • to watch, look after. çagalara ~ syrkawa ~

3 • to discuss, look at. täze meselelere ~ adam takdyryna adalatly ~

4 • to depend on, be dependent on. Ol diňe başlygyň agzyna garaýar.

bir ele ~   

garamak2   n. authority, disposal. garamagynda bolmak to be at one's disposal, be under the authority (of). garamagyna bermek to give someone authority (over).

1 •  Tutuş maşgala bir onuň garamagynda. Meniň garamagymda on adam bar.

2 •  hökümetiň garamagyndaky edara garamagyna bermek

garamat   [gara:mat] n. responsibility. ~yna galmak to bear the responsibility for someone. ~yna almak to take one's own responsibility (for doing sth.) ~yny öz üstüňe almak

garamaýak   n. 1 • the ordinary people, common people.

2 • the poor. ~ adam

garamazdan   post. in spite of, despite.

garamyk   n. cherry. Category: bot. ~ özüni bag saýar. nakyl

garanjaklamak   v. to look round, have a look around. töweregiňe ~ to have a look around.

garanmak   v. to look around, compare.

garantga   n. scarecrow, bugbear, fright.

garantirlemek   v. to guarantee, warrant. önümiň hilini ~ to guarantee the quality of product. See: kepillendirmek.

garant(iýa)   [ga'rant(iýa)] n. guarantee. ~ bermek to guarantee. See: kepillik.

garaňky   adj. dark (at night).

1 •  ~ jaý Eýýäm ~ düşdi. ~ gije göze dürtme ~

2 •  Bu teklip meniň üçin ~.

garaňkylyk   n. darkness, the dark.

1 •  Bu ýeri nähili ~! How dark it is here! ~da hereket etmek

2 •  döwrüň garaňkylygy hem nadanlygy

garasaçakçy   n. cockroach, black-beetle.

garasöýmez   adj. unsociable. ~ adam unsociable person.

garaşly   adj. dependent, subject. ~ ýurtlar countries/states dependent on another country. ~ bolmak to be subject (to). birine ~ bolmak zawoda garaşly enjamlar ~ ýurtlar

garaşmak   v. to wait for, hope for, look forward to, expect. ~ zal waiting room. Ondan rehimdarlyga garaşma. Don't expect him to be kind.

1 •  ýoldaşyňa ~ Saňa köp garaşdym.

2 •  Senden garaşanym çykmady.

garaşsyz   adj. independent, sovereign. ~ bitarap Türkmenistan independant neutral Turkmenistan. ~ guramalar

garaşsyzlyk   n. independence. syýasy we ykdysady ~

garaşyk   n. care, attention. ~ etmek to support, help, take care (of).

garaşylmak   v. to be expected, be supposed, be anticipated. Onuň gelmegine garaşylýar. He is expected to come.

garawul   n. night watchman, guard, look-out.

1 •  ekinleriň ~y tokaý ~y

2 •  harby ~ ~ durmak

3 •  tüpeňiň ~y

garawulhana   [garawulha:na] n. guardroom, look-out post, tower, lodge.

garawullamak   v. 1 • to guard, be on the watch. sklady ~ to guard the warehouse. ýaraglary ~

2 • to waylay. kimdir birini ~

garaýagyz   adj. brown, dark, dusky, dark-skinned. ~ ýigit dark-skinned fellow.

garaýürek   n. black heart.

garaýyş   n. opinion, point of view, standpoint, outlook, view. Şu mesele seniň garaýyşyň meni gyzyklandyrýar. Your opinion on this issue interests me. Şu meselä seniň garaýyşyň nähili? ylmy ~

garaz   conj. on the whole, generally, in general.

gara möý   n. spider.

garbamak   v. to seize, snatch, grab, snap. eliňe ilen zady ~ to grab the first thing that comes to hand. ýer ~

garbanalgahana   [garbanalgaha:na] n. Usage: colloq lunch counter, snack bar.

garbanmak   v. to have a quick bite (for lunch), have a snack, grab something to eat. az-owlak ~ to have a snack.

gardaş   n. Usage: colloq brother. ~ymyň ogly brother's son.

1 •  Ol meniň ~ym.

2 •  Eý, ~, maňa kömek et!

garga   n. crow, raven. gara ~ crow, raven. gök ~ Garga garganyň gözüni çokmaz. nakyl

2 • n. Ol gargadyr, oka gelmez.

gargamak   v. to swear (at), scold, run down, curse.

gargy   n. reed, bulrush, cane. ~ tüýdük bulrush pipe. ~ gamyş

gargyş   n. swearing. ~ siňen damned. ~ etmek to curse. ~ ýagdyrmak

garjamak   [ga:rjamak] v. to stir. See: garmak.

garjaşmak   [ga:rjaşmak] v. 1 • to mix, blend. spirt suw bilen garjaşdy alcohol mixed with water. reňkler garjaşdy

2 • to get confused, get muddled. Meniň pikirlerim garjaşdy. I lost my train of thought.

gark   n. 1 •  ~ bolmak to drown, sink, go down.

2 •  ~ etmek to drown, flood. Derýa öz kenaryny ~ etdi. Sil ekini ~ etdi.

garmak   [ga:rmak] v. 1 • to mix, stir. garym gatym mixed things. garyşmak to be mixed together. garyşdyrmak to mix together. hamyr ~ hyýary, pomidory, sogany dograp ~

2 • to (cards) shuffle.

tozana ~   

el ~   

garpyşmak   v. to grapple (with), come to blows (with), skirmish. Itler garpyşdylar. The dogs tusssled with each other.

garpyz   n. water-melon. ala ~ ak ~ daş ~

aýakly ~   

garralmak   v. to grow old, age.

garramak   v. to grow old, age. Ol garrapdyr. He grew old. Gazygynda garrasyn! suwa döşmekden eliň garramak

garraşmak   v. to gradually grow old, age imperceptibly.

garry   adj. Usage: animate 1 • old. garry aýal old lady.

2 • old-aged, aged. ~ öý

3 • great. garry ata great grandfather. garry ene great grandmother.

garry gyz    See: köne.

garrygyz   [garrygy:z] n. a large, green, melon with a wrinkled skin. Lit: old maid

garsa   [garsa:] adv. quickly, in no time. ~ gujaklaşmak to embrace. ýeriňden ~ galmak to stand up quickly.

garsyldy   n. shot. ~ eşdildi. A shot rang out.

garşy   post. 1 • opposite. Ol meniň garşymda durdy. He stood opposite me. myhmanhananyň ~ynda Opposite the hotel.

2 • against. Ol biziň garşymyzdan çykdy. He came out against us. şemalyň garşysyna gitmek Sen şu teklibe garşymy? Are you against this proposal?

3 • to meet. gelýänleri ~ almak To meet the visitors. myhmanlary ~ almak

garşydaş   n. adversary, rival; opposite number. garşydaşyňy ýeňmek to win against one's rival. garşydaş ýel head wind.

garşylamak   v. to welcome someone.

1 •  myhmanlary hormat bilen ~

2 •  Täze ýyly ~ doglan günüňi ~

garşylanmak   v. to be met, be greeted.

garşylatmak   v. to have someone met, to organise for someone to be met.

garşylyk   n. 1 • resistance, opposition. ~ görkezmek to resist, oppose, stand up (to). garşylyga duçar bolmak

2 • contradiction, opposition. synpy ~lar class distinction. garşylyga gelmek to come into conflict. oý-pikirleriň garşylygy

materiallaryň garşylygy   

garylmak   [ga:rylmak] v. to be mixed, be stirred; be confused, become confused. Meniň pikirlerim garyldy. I am/was confused. Şeker bilen kofe garyldy. köpçülige garylyp gitmek

garym-gatym   [ga:rym-gatym] adj. mixed, confused. Öýüň içi ~dy. The room was in a mess. jaýyň içi ~ ~ etmek to mix. ~ naharlanmak

garyn   n. belly, stomach.

1 •  Meniň garnymda sanjy bar. ~ boşlugy

2 •  Meniň garnym dok. Garny doka, bela ýok nakyl

3 •  ~ salmak garnyňy çekmek

4 •  içine et salnan ~

garyndaş   n. relative, next of kin. dogan-garyndaş relatives. daşky ~ ~ bolmak

~ diller   

garyndaşlyk   n. relationship, kindred, kinship. ~ aragatnaşygy ties of relationship/blood. ~da bolmak to be related (to). gandüşer ~ blood relationship. ~ gatnaşygy

garynja   n. ant. ~ kislotasy formic acid. atly ~ sary ~

garyp   [gary:p] adj. poor. ~ adam ~ hojalyk ~ düşmek

~ dil   poor language (lacking vocabulary).

garyp-gasar   [gary:p-gasar] n. the poor. oba ~lary the village poor, the poor peasants.

garyş   n. hand span, span.

garyşdyrmak   [ga:ryşdyrmak] v. to stir, have something mixed.

garyşdyrylmak   [ga:ryşdyrylmak] v. to be mixed, be stirred.

garyşmak   [ga:ryşmak] v. to intermix.

1 •  Bal hem ýag garyşdy. Reňkler garyşdy.

2 •  Bar zat topraga garyşýar.

3 •  Ol meselä men garyşmaýaryn. kesekiniň işine ~

garyşyk   [ga:ryşyk] adj. 1 • mixed. ~ topar mixed group. Ýagyn garyşykly gar ýagýar. harytlar dükany

2 • hoarse, husky. Onuň sesi garyşyk çykýar. He speaks hoarsely. (i.e from a sore throat).

gassap   [gassa:p] n. butcher.

gassaphana   [gassa:pha:na] n. slaughter-house.

gasyn   n. wrinkle, crease.

1 •  maňlaýdaky ~lar wrinkles on one's forehead.

2 •  ~ atan köýnek

gaş   [ga:ş] n. precious stone.

1 •  göwher ~ gülýaka hakyk ~ goýmak

2 •  eýeriň ~y papagyň ~y

gaşamak   v. to scratch. ýeňsäňi ~

Her kim öz gijän ýerini gaşar. nakyl   

Eşek hem öz deňini gaşar. nakyl   

gat   n. 1 • storey, floor, level. dört ~ eplenen kagyz žurnalyň ~yny açmak

2 • layer, stratum. on ~ belent jaý

3 • page. Men haty kitabym gatynda goýdum. I slipped the letter between the pages of the book.

göwnüňde ~ galmak   

gatamak   v. to harden, solidify, get stale. Çörek gatade. The loaf of bread became stale. gatap galmak to harden, get stale.

suwsuz ~   to be thirsty.

sowuga ~   

gat-gat   adj. multi-storeyed, multi-storey. ~ jaýlar multi-storeyed buildings, sky-scrapers, tower blocks. ~ daşlar

gatlak   n. 1 • layer. kömür gatlagy layer of coal. hek gatlagy

2 • estate. daýhanlar gatlagy the peasants.

3 •  Ýeriň gatlagy atmosferanyň gatlagy

gatlyşmak   v. to join.

1 •  topara ~ kerwene ~ to join the caravan.

2 •  garaňky gatlyşýar the day is drawing to a close, night is falling.

gatmak   v. to add, mix, mix up. ýaga toşap ~ to mix up butter with treacle. söz ~ to address. el ~ to disgrace, dishonour.

gatnamak   v. 1 • to go to and fro, commute, attend. Men mekdebe maşynly gatnaýaryn. I go to school by car.

2 • to visit (the sick and elderly). doktoryň ýanyna ~ Meniň gyzym çagalar bagyna gatnaýar.

3 • to run (between), ply (between). Bu awtobus iki äher aralygyna gatnaýar. This bus runs between two cities.

gatnaşmak   v. 1 • to participate in, take part in. ýaryşa ~ to take part in a competition.

2 • to begin a relationship, to associate, relate.

3 • to mix.

1 •  saýlawa ~ kärdeşleriň gatnaşmagy zerur

2 •  Yýgnaga obanyň ähly ýaşaýjylary gatnaşdy.

3 •  ýaryşa ~

gatnaşyk   n. 1 • relations, terms, ties. dostlukly ~ friendly terms. saçakly ~ ýakyn ~da bolmak to be on intimate terms with someone. diplomatik ~lar diplomatic relations. gatnaşykda bolmak to relate (to). Ikiniň dörte gatnaşygy, bäşyň ona gatnaşygy ýalypdyr. The ratio of two to four is the same as the ratio of five to ten.

2 • attendance. erbet ~ poor attendance. gowy ~ good attendance. önümçilik ~lary tehniki ~lar

gatnaw   n. 1 • traffic. köçe ~y street traffic. demir ýol ~y railway traffic.

2 • relations. ~ açmak ~ kesilmesin!

gaty   adv. very. gaty gowy very good. gaty söz a harsh word. ~ oňat ~ gyzgyn biriniň göwnüne ~ degmek ~ uklamak

~ gitmek   to go fast.

~ görmek   to dislike.

gatyk   n. yoghurt, soured cream; curds. turşy ~ ~ basyrmak

gatyşmak   v. to interfere (in), intervene (in). Siz meniň işime gatyşmaň! Mind your own business!

1 •  to gürrüňe ~ to break into a conversation. başganyň işine ~

2 •  Araplar türkmenleriň arasyna gatyşyp gidipdir.

gaty görmek   v. to take offence, be offended.

gawun   [ga:wun] n. melon. e.g. "Garry Gyz" old girl; one type of gawun. öte bişen ~ güýzlük ~ ~ kaky ~ eti Gawunyň ýagşysyn şagal iýer. nakyl

gaý   n. storm.

1 •  Deňizde güýçli ~ turdy.

2 •  garly ~ Garry oýnasa ~ turar. nakyl

3 •  gaýyň garşysyna gitmek gara başyňa ~ bolmak ýeser ýerde ~ turmak

gaýa   n. precipice, cliff.

gaýçy   n. scissors.

gaýduwsyz   adj. undaunted, fearless, intrepid, staunch. ~ göreşiji staunch fighter.

gaýdyşmak   v. 1 • to return, go. Adamlar öýlerine gaýdyşyp başladylar. People began to head back home. Myhmanlar öýlerine gaýdyşyp başladylar.

2 • to diminish, decrease. Ýabyň suwy gaýdyşypdyr. The water in the irrigation ditch decreased.

3 •  Kelleaygrym birneme gaýdyşdy. gyzgyny ~

gaýdyşyn   [gaýdyşy:n] n. return. Biz gaýdaşyn kinoteatrada kino gördik. On the way back we went to the cinema. Biz ~ kinoteatrada kino gördük.

gaýdyşyn   [gaýdyşy:n] adj. on the way back, while returning. ~ bize gel. On the way back call in on us.

gaýgy   n. 1 • grief, woe, sorrow. ~dan ýaňa of grief, with grief. çuňňur ~ deep sorrow.

2 • anxiety, concern, uneasiness, trouble. ~ etmek to worry, be anxious, be frustrated.

1 •  ~ etmek çuňňur ~ Müň ~ bir iş bitirmez. nakyl

2 • 

gaýgyly   adj. 1 • sad, melancholy, sorrowful. Ol örän ~ He is in low spirits. ~ aýdym sad song. ~ habar sad news.

2 • anxious, worried, preoccupied. Ol ~ görünýärdi. He looked preoccupied.

gaýgyrmak   v. to spare, begrudge, withhold. janyňy gaýgyrman işlemek to put one's heart into one's work.

1 •  saglygyňy ~ çagalary ~

2 •  aýakgabyňy ~ wagtyňy ~

gaýgysyz   adj. light-hearted, unconcerned, happy-go-lucky. ~ adam unconcerned/carefree person.

1 •  ~ ýaşamak ~ pul harç etmek

2 •  ~ adam ~ gürlemek ~ gara suwda semrär. nakyl

3 •  Sen muny ~ başararsyň.

gaýmak   [ga:ýmak] v. to soar, glide; fly. Gaýyp gitdi. He flew away. gaýyp bolmak to disappear, vanish.

1 •  Asmanda guşlar gaýýarlar. Ýapraklar gaýýarlar.

2 •  Gaýyk suwuň ýüzünden gaýyp barýar.

3 •  Ol atyň üstünden gaýyp gitdi.

gaýmak   n. 1 • soured cream, smetana. ýagly ~

2 • cream, clotted cream. ~ baglamak

gaýnadylmak   v. to be boiled. gaýnadylan suw boiled water. Gaýnadylan suw barmy? Have you got any boiled water? gaýnadylan et boiled meat.

gaýnag   adj. boiling.

n. boiled-water. ~ suw boiled water.

gaýnamak   v. to boil.

1 •  Suw gaýnady. Gazan gaýnady.

2 •  Ýaşlyk durmuşy joş alyp gaýnaýar.

gaýnatmak   v. to boil something. Sen suwy gaýnatdyňmy? Have you boiled the water? süýdi ~

gaýra   n. north-east. ~k to the north-east. ~k gitmek go to the north-east.

gaýra goýmak   to put to one side.

1 •  derýanyň ~sy ~ tarap

2 •  Sen gaýraňa seret. Meniň gaýrama geç.

3 •  ~ çekil ~ dur ~ süýş

4 • 

işi ~ goýmak   

~ süýşürmek   

~ üzülmek   

~ tesmek   

gaýrat   [gaýra:t] n. zeal, energy.

~ et-da!   Please help me out!

gujur-gaýrat    See: gujur; gaýrat.

gaýratly   [gaýra:tly] adj. zealous, strong willed, energetic.

gaýry   adj. other, another. ~ şäherli adam a man from another city. ~ ýurtly adam

post. besides, except. mundan ~ besides that.

gaýta   adj. 1 • back, away.

2 • times.

conj. gaýta, seniňem meni goldamagyň gerek Ýalbarmaly däl, ~ talap etmeli. Men ony üç ~ ýatladym. ýene bir ~

gaýtadan   adv. again, anew. ~ başlamak to begin over again. ~ gürrüň bermek to retell.

gaýtalamak   v. to repeat.

1 •  öwrenen sözleriňi ~ ýatdan ~

2 •  Kesel gaýtalady.

gaýtalanmak   v. to be repeated.

gaýtam   [gaýta:m] adv, conj. Usage: colloq back, away. See: gaýta.

gaýtargy   n. 1 • answer. ~ bermek to answer back.

2 • rebuff, repulse.

3 • change. ~ bermek to give (someone) change. Gaýtargy gerek däl. Keep the change.

1 •  Ol bu sowala näme ~ berjegini bilmedi. hatyň gaýtargysyny almak

2 •  Gaýtargy gerek däl.

3 •  Kakaňa ~ bermek aýyp.

gaýtarmak   v. 1 • to vomit, be sick.

2 • to return, give back. gaýtaryp almak to take someone back, accompany home.

3 • to turn. sürini ~ to turn the flock. jogap ~ to answer back. el ~ to hit back.

4 • to reward.

1 •  sürini ~ saçyňy arkan ~

2 •  goňşyňdan alan zadyňy yzyna ~ karzyňy ~ kitaby okalga ~

3 •  jogap ~ el ~

4 •  söwdany yzyna ~ şertnamany ~

5 •  hüjümi ~

6 •  tüpeňiň gulagyny ~

7 •  iýeniňi ~

8 •  çaýy ~

9 •  ýagşylygy ýagşylyk bilen ~ to reward kindness with kindness.

gaýtarylmak   v. 1 • to be returned, be sent back, be given back. Kitap eýesine gaýtaryldy. The book was given back to its owner.

2 • to be turned.

1 •  Bu topar yzyna gaýtaryldy.

2 •  Girew goýlan zatlar gaýtaryldy.

3 •  Söwda ylalaşygy hem olaryň teklipleri gaýtaryldy.

gaýtmak   v. 1 • to return, go home. Men oýüme gelip gaýtdym. I returned home. yzyna gaýtmak to go back, retrace one's steps. Kerwen gaýtsa, agsak düýe ozar. nakyl

2 • to arrive. Ol beýikden togalanyp gaýtdy. aşaklygyna ~

3 • to come (back). Keselliniň gyzgyny gaýtdy.

işi ~   

gaýyk   n. rowing boat, dinghy; kayak; tender. motorly ~ motor boat. ~ly gezelenç etmek to go boating.

ýelkenli gaýyk   n. sailing boat.

gaýykçy   n. boatman, ferryman.

gaýym   [ga:ýym] adj. firm, durable, steadfast, staunch, stable. ~ mata durable stuff, hard-wearing fabric. ~ fundament stable foundation.

1 •  Ol eýerden ~ ýapyşdy. kemeri ~ çekmek öz pikiriňde ~ durmak ~ durmak

2 •  ~ adam eli işe ~

3 •  penjek üçin ~ mata ~ gural/abzal

gaýyn   [ga:ýyn] adj. in-law. gaýyn ata father-in-law. ~ topar Olar meniň gaýynlarym.

gaýyp   [ga:ýyp] n. disappearance. ~ bolmak disappear, vanish. Ýylan birden gözden gaýyp boldy. All of a sudden the snake vanished from sight. Salgym ~ boldy. Usage: religious Hudaýyň ~ ylmy

gaýyş   n. 1 • belt. ~ palto leather coat. ~ penjek ~ harytlar leather goods. ~ eýleýän zawod tannery. Usage: colloq

2 • leather belt. ~ bilen daňmak ~y çekmek

gaz1   n. 1 • gas. tebigy ~y natural gas. awuly ~ magdan ~y

2 • gas cooker. ~ peji ~ geçirmek ~ jaýy kitchen. Usage: colloq

3 •  ~ bermek maşynyň gazyna basmak

gaz2   [ga:z] n. goose. Kölde ~lar garkyldaşýarlar. Dünýäni sil alsa, guba gazyň döşünden. nakyl

Gazagystan   [Gazagysta:n] n. Kazakhstan. Category: geogr.

gazak   n. Kazakh. Category: geogr. Men ~ I am a Kazakh. ~ aýal a Kazakh woman. Category: language.

gazan   [ga:zan] n. cauldron. large cooking pot (generally used outside). bir ~ palaw ~ atarmak ~ gulagyny gyzdyrmak

gazanç   n. earnings, salary, payment.

gazanmak   v. to earn.

1 •  işläp pul~

2 •  abraý ~ şöhrat ~

3 •  özbaşdaklyk ~ garaşsyzlyk ~

4 •  tejribe ~

gazap   n. fury, rage, anger. ~ bilen with rage, in a rage. gazaba münmek to become furious, to fly into a rage. ~ bilen seretmek ~ etmek

gazaba münmek   

gazabyňy ýatyrmak   

gazabyňy ýuwutmak   

gazaply   adj. 1 • furious, fierce, viscious. ~ hüjüm fierce attack. ~ bolmak to be furious. ~ ýel viscious wind.

2 • severe, grim. urşuň ~ ýyllary the grim years of war. ~ açlyk döwri

gazet   [ga'zet] n. newspaper.

gazetçi   n. 1 • journalist, newsman, pressman. çaphanada ~ bolup işlemek

2 • newspaper seller, newsboy, newspaper boy.

gazlaşdyrmak   [ga:zlaşdyrmak] v. to install gas (in), supply with gas. senagaty ~ to supply the industry with gas. halk hojalygyny ~

gazly   [ga:zly] adj. carbonated, sparkling, aerated. Usage: colloq ~ suw carbonated water, fizzy drink, soft drink. anything from naturally carbonated spring water to coca cola.

gazmak   v. to dig.

1 •  guýy ~ kanal ~

2 •  gazyp almak altyn gazyp almak gazyp çykarmak nebit gazyp çykarmak

gazna   n. treasury, exchequer. döwlet ~sy state treasury.

gaznaçy   n. 1 • treasurer.

2 • cashier.

gazyk   n. tent peg, stake, picket. ~ kakmak to drive a tent peg in.

~ bolmak   

gazykdan ýörütme   

gazylmak   v. to be dug. Ýap gazylyp gutaryldy. The irrigation ditch has been dug.

gazynmak   v. to dig for oneself. ýerküme ~ to dig an earth-house for oneself. kartoşka ~ to dig in potatoes.

gazyşmak   v. to (help someone) dig. joýa ~ to help someone dig a vegetable patch.

geçelge   n. channel, crossing, (under)pass. pyýadalar üçin geçelge pedestrian crossing. demir ýol geçelgesi dag geçelgesi gök geçelge Green Channel (i.e. at customs).

geçen   adj, adv. last, past. geçen hepde last week. geçen ýyl last year. Usage: grammar geçen zaman past tense.

geçi   n. nanny-goat, goat. owlakly ~ Geçiň ýöz - sözüň düz; geçiň üç - sözüň puç. nakyl

~ sakgal   

geçiniň öň aýagy ýaly   

geçisi ýaýramak   

geçilmek   v. to be passed, be covered.

1 •  Aşgabat bilin Moskwa aralygy samolýot bilen dört ýarym sagatda geçilýär. The distance between Ashgabat and Moscow is four hours by plane. Ýoluň uly bölegi geçildi.

2 •  Tussaglaryň günäsi geçildi.

3 •  Bu işiň peýdasyndan geçildi.

geçirilmek   v. 1 • to be transferred/carried somewhere else.

2 • to be held. Universitetde ýygnak geçirildi. The meeting was held at the university.

3 • to be translated.

4 • to be transferred. klasdan klasa ~ to be transferred to the next form.

1 •  Ýolagçylar derýadan gämi bilen geçirildi.

2 •  Täze demir ýol geçirildi.

3 •  Prezident saýlawy geçirildi.

4 •  Uniwersitetde ýygnak geçirildi.

5 •  Ol başga wezipä geçirildi.

5 •  klasdan klasa ~

6 •  tejribe ~

geçirim   n. mercy. ~ soramak to cry/beg for mercy.

geçirimli   adj. merciful. ~ bolmak to be merciful. ~ ynsan

geçirimlilik   n. mercy.

geçirmek   v. 1 • to move something, transfer something. bir ýerden başga ýere ~ to move/transfer from one place to another.

2 • let someone go past, allow through, make way (for). Ony geçiriň! Let him through!

3 • to pass. eti ~ to mince meat. sapagy iňňäniň gözünden ~ to thread a needle. Maňa geçir! Pass it to me!

4 • to allow something past, to make something go through. suw ~ to make water flow (past).

5 • to move, transfer. başga işe ~ to transfer to another post. klasdam klasa ~ to move up into the next form.

6 • to translate. türkmen dilinden iňlis diline ~ to translate from Turkmen into English.

7 • to lose, waste. wagtyňy biderek ~ to waste time.

8 • to organise, hold, take. ýygnak ~ to hold a meeting. sapak ~ to take a lesson.

9 • to live, spend time. Ol ömrüni çölde geçirdi. He spent his life in the desert/steppe.

10 • to build, extend. demir ýol ~ to build a railway.

11 • to carry out, fulfil. durmuşa ~ to carry out, fulfil, bring into life.

12 • to drive in, score. pökgini derwezeden ~ to kick a ball into the goal, to score.

13 • to prick, run through, pierce. naýza ~ to run someone through with a spear.

itden ~   to kill, murder, slay.

bokurdakdan ~   to eat, drink.

başdan ~   to experience, go through.

geçirýän işlikler   Usage: grammar transitive verbs.

1 •  sapagy iňňäniň gözünden ~ myhmany itden ~ Ony geçiriň! Let him through!

2 •  topy derwezeden ~

3 •  naýzany duşmanyň bagryndan ~ pyçakdan ~

4 •  täze wezipä ~ başga işe ~ to transfer to another post. klasdam klasa ~ to move up into the next form.

5 •  bir ýerden başga ýere ~ to move/transfer from one place to another. Maňa geçir! Pass it to me!

6 •  edarany başga jaýa ~ näsagy aýratyn otaga ~

7 •  telefon ~ suw ~ to make water flow (past).

8 •  nobatyňy ~ amatly pursaty duşuňdan ~ ýanyňdan ~

9 •  ömrüňi çölde ~ oturyp ~ wagtyňy biderek ~ to waste time.

10 •  kurs ~ ýygnak ~ to hold a meeting.

11 •  ýubileý toýuny täze ýyla ~ maslahaty ertire ~

12 •  türkmen dilinden iňlis diline ~ to translate from Turkmen into English.

13 •  durmuşa ~ to carry out, fulfil, bring into life. öz pikiriňi ~

14 •  Meniň gödekligimi geçiriň.

15 • 

biri-birinden ~   

bokurdakdan ~   

başdan ~   

durmuşa ~   

gözden ~   to review, check.

gün ~   

gylyçdan ~   

geçirýän işlikler   

geçirmeýän işlikler   

geçirtmek   v. to have something transferred. Men bu teksti türkmen dilinden iňlis diline geçirtdim. I had this text translated from Turkmen into English. Öýümize kabel geçirtdim.

geçit   n. pass. dag geçidi mountain pass.

geçme   n. crossing, (under)pass. ýoldan ~ a (pedestrian) crossing. ýoldan ~ düzgüni

geçmek   v. 1 • to pass, go past; to overtake. geçip barmak to overtake.

2 • to come through. Men geçeýin. Excuse me.

3 • to cross. derýa geçmek to cross a river.

Usage: time 4 • to pass. köp wagt geçmänkä recently. Aradan iki ~ geçdi. Two years passed.

5 • to experience.

6 • to forgive. günä geçmek to forgive someone's sins.

1 •  geçip gitmek ýoldan ~

2 •  duşundan ~ ýanyndan ~

3 •  Jaýdan ýagyş geçdi. Depämden gün geçdi. Köwşümden öl geçdi.

4 •  öňe ~ bäsdeşiňden ~

5 •  täze işe ~ wezipä ~

6 •  ekzamenden ~

7 •  täze jaýa ~

8 •  Malymyz gowy bahadan geçdi. gowy geçýän haryt

9 •  Ol başga komanda geçdi. Ol dempartiýa geçdi.

10 •  Selbi ikinji kursy tamamlap, üçünji kursa geçdi. Romanyň birinji bölümini gutaryp, ikinji bölümine geçdim.

11 •  Men ol gyzdan ömürlik geçdim. Geçenden – geç nakyl

12 •  günä ~ bir çemçe ganyny geçmek (folk.)

13 •  nesilden nesle ~

14 •  köp wagt geçmänkä Aradan iki gün geçdi. Ýaşym elliden geçdi.

15 •  belläp geçmek gelip geçmek deşip geçmek durup geçmek düşläp geçmek

geçmiş   n. the past. ~den galan a relic from the past. ~i ýatlamak to remember the old days.

1 •  ~den galan ýadygärlik

2 •  öz ~iiňi unutmak

gedaý   [geda:ý] n. a beggar, a mendicant, a pauper. ~ bolmak to be a pauper. ~ gezmek to beg, go begging. ~ galdyrmak

bir zadyň gedaýy bolmak   

gelim-gidim   n. attendance, coming and going. ~i bolmadyk öý a house to where nobody comes. ~ etmek to keep with someone. ~i ýok öý ~siz maşgala

gelin   n. 1 • young married woman. owadan ~ ~ edinmek Gyzym, saňa aýdýan, gelnim, sen eşit. nakyl

2 • bride.

3 • son's wife, wife of younger brother.

4 • 

gelinlik   n. fiance, girl who is engaged to be married.

gelişmek1   v. 1 • to suit, fit. Bu köýnek saňa gelişmeýär. This shirt doesn't suit you. Bu reňk seniň ýüzüňe gelişýär.

2 • to become, befit. Beýle etmek saňa gelişmeýär. It doesn't become you to act like that. Beýle hereket saňa gelişmeýär.

3 •  Olar esasy meselede gelişdiler.

gelişmek2   v. Myhmanlar gelişýärler. The guests are coming. See: gelmek.

geljek   adj. 1 • future. geljek wagtda in the future. ~ gowy bolar ~de edilmeli işler

2 • prospects, outlook.

Usage: grammar3 •  geljek zaman future tense.

gelmek   v. 1 • to come, arrive. otly bilen ~ to come by train. alyp gelmek to bring, come carrying something. ylgap ~ to come running. Gyş geldi. Winter has set in.

3 • to weigh, come to.

duş ~   a) to meet someone b) to be faced with (a situation).

emele ~   to come into being.

göwne ~   

geljege umyt   vision.

laýyk ~   to fit, coincide.

özüňe ~   to come to oneself.

ýatasyň ~   to want to go to sleep.

gaharyň gelmek   to get angry.

1 •  Men syýahatdan gaýdyp geldim. Otly geldi.

2 •  Kelläme täze pikir geldi.

3 •  Şäherden täze habar geldi. Maňa çakylyk geldi.

4 •  Ýel geldi. Güýçli sil geldi.

5 •  Bahar pasly geldi.

6 •  Şu gawun ýedi kilo geldi. Bu meniň çakymdan ýeňil geldi.

7 •  Bu köýnek maňa giň geldi. Bu laýyk geldi.

8 • 

aglasyň ~   to be on the point of tears.

alyp ~   to bring.

ylgap ~   to come running.

duş ~   to dream.

gaçyp ~   to escape.

emele ~   to be formed.

göwne ~   

göz öňüne ~   

gülesiň ~   to laugh.

laýyk ~   to fit; coincide. ör-gökden ~

özüňe ~   to recover ??

ýatasyň ~   to want to sleep.

ýöräp ~   

gaharyň ~   to get angry.

gelmişek   n. Usage: colloq stranger, outsider, foreigner.

gelneje   n. wife of older brother.

gelşikli   adj. 1 • good-looking, attractive; beautiful, pretty, (e.g. woman); handsome (e.g. man). gelşigine gelmek to become beautiful. ~ geýinmek

2 • seemly, decent (e.g. woman). ~ gyz ~ adam

3 • well-proportioned. ~ bir tam otyrdy a well-proportioned house.

gelşiksiz   adj. 1 • ugly, unattractive, plain, ill-proportioned. ~ ýigit unattractive boy/guy.

2 • indecent, improper, obscene. ~ iş improper act. özüňi alyp barşyň ~

3 • absurd.

general   [gene'ral] n. general. goşun ~y General of the Army.

genji-hazyna   [genji-hazy:na] n. treasure. See: genç; hazyna.

genjik   n. decorative hook to hold women's vest (chawut) together.

geň   adj. surprising, remarkable, wonderful, extraordinary. ~ waka a surprising event. ~ zat strange thing; strange! ~ galdyrmak to surprise (someone). ~ galmak to be surprised.[geň ga:lmak] 

v. geň görmek

geňeş   n. council, congress; advice.

1 •  ~ bermek ~ salmak ýoldaşlaryň bilen geňeşmek ~ toýy

2 •  Prezidentiň ýanyndaky ~ ýaşulylaryň geňeşi elder's council. ylym we tehnika boýunça ýokary geňeş high council for scientific and technical affairs.

geňeşçi   n. adviser, counsellor. harby ~ military adviser. ilçihananyň geňeşçisi

geňeşmek   v. 1 • to hold council. öz maşgalaň bilen ~

2 • to ask for advice. Özara şertleri biz öň geňeşdik.

geňlemek   v. to consider something to be strange/surprised.

geň galmak   v. to be surprised.

geň görmek   v. to be surprised.

geografik   adj. geographical. ~ karta geographical map.

geografiýa   n. geography. fiziki ~ physical geography. ykdysady ~ economical geography. See: zugrafiýa.

gep   n. talk, speech, word, conversation. Men onuň gepine gitdim. I followed his advice. ~ organlary speech organs. ~ bermek to lecture. ~ açmak to begin to speak. ~iňi gögertmek to succeed in getting one's own way. ~ gezdirmek to gossip.

1 •  Bu nähili ~ boldy? Ol kimiň gepi? ajy ~

2 •  ~ näme hakda barýar? ~ işiň barşynda däl, ~ işiň hilinde. bar ~ onda

3 •  iliň ~I ~ bermek ~ gezdirmek Men onuň gepine gitdim.

4 •  ~ açmak

5 • 

gepçi   adj. eloquent.

1 •  ~ adam ~ bolmak aýyp

2 •  ~ orator eloquent speaker.

geplemek   v. to speak, talk, address. geplemegi öwrenmek to learn to talk. Entek geplenokmy? Can't (s)he talk yet?

1 •  türkmençe ~ iňlisçe ~ çalt/haýal/gaty/ýuwaş ~ ýygnakda geplemek to address a meeting.

2 •  Hany, gepläp otur. Entek gepläňokmy?

3 •  Näme, maňa gepleýäň? Sen oňa gepleme.

gepleşik   n. 1 • talks, negotiations. diplomatik ~ler diplomatic talks.

2 • to broadcast, transmission, telecast. çagalar üçin ~ transmission for children. iki kärhananyň arasyndaky ~ taraplaryň gepleşigi

Usage: grammar3 •  ~ dili colloquial (language, conversation). ~ stili colloquial style.

radio gepleşigi ~ diňlemek gepleşige seretmek çagalar üçin ~

gepleşmek   v. 1 • to talk (to one another), chat, discuss, converse. Biz gepleşmeli. We need to talk. Muny ~ gerek. That needs discussing. Biz telefonda gepleşdik. We spoke on the telephone. Gepleşmän oturyň! Sit in silence!

2 • agree (about something). Gepleşdik onda. That's agreed then.

gerb   n. emblem. döwlet gerbi State Emblem.

gerçek   adj. 1 •  ~ är ~ pir

2 • brave, strong, bold, daring, courageous. ~ ýigit brave young man.

gerden   n. shoulder. ~iň bilen çekmek to carry someone on one's shoulder. ~ süňki ~iňde götermek

gerek   adj, adv. Maňa surat çekmek uçin galam gerek. I need a pencil to draw a picture with.

1 •  owaly bilen saglyk ~ bize naharlanmak ~ ~ haryt ~ deregi ýykar nakyl

2 •  Olar häzir Angliýada ýaşaýan bolsalar gerek. Ol entek ýaş bolsa gerek. geregiňi artdyrmak See: gerekli.

gerekli   adj. needed, important, necessary. ~ kitaplar necessary books. ~ ýerinde when needed. ~ pursat ~ ýerinde gürlemek ~ daşyň agramy ýok nakyl

gerekmejek   adj. Usage: colloge ~ zatlary zyň. Throw away what isn't necessary. See: gereksiz.

gereksiz   adj. unnecessary, unwanted. ~ zatlar unnecessary things. ~ depder

gerim   n. 1 • pace (i.e. length of one's steps). giň ~ bilen ýöremek to walk with long strides, stride along.

2 • scope, range, extent. Parahatçylyk ugrundaky hereket giň gerim alýar. The scope of the peace movement is steadily growing.

geriş   n. 1 • spine, backbone. atyň gerşi spine of a horse.

2 • range, ridge. dag gerşi mountain range. gum gerişleri

gerşine münmek   

Germaniýa   n. Germany. Category: geogr.

germek   v. 1 • to stretch.

2 • to hang. geýim ~ to hang out washing.

3 • to put, settle. çadyry ~ to pitch a tent. kökenek ~ to take care of.

1 •  baýdagy ~ tutyny ~ çadyry ~

2 •  eliňi ~ Guşlar ganat gerýärler.

3 • 

getirmek   v. 1 • to bring. mysal ~ to give an example. peýda ~ to make a profit. namys ~ to bring honour.

2 • to bring in a harvest, yield. Bu ýyl üzümimiz ýagşy getirdi. This year yielded a good crop of grapes.

sary ~   to get jaundiced.

1 •  Men suw getirdim.

2 •  Bu ýyl almalar gowy getirdi.

3 •  Kärhana peýda getirdi. zyýan ~

4 •  mysal ~ namys ~

göz öňüne ~   

sary ~   

tasa ~   

ýola ~   

geýdirmek   v. 1 • to put something on someone, dress, clothe someone. çaganyň egin-eşigini ~ Usage: colloq

2 • to beat, hit. aýakgap ~ ýorgana ýorgandaşy ~

geýim   n. clothes, clothing, dress. içki geýim underwear, underclothes. harby geýim uniform. çaga geýimi erkekleriň geýimi

geýinmek   v. 1 • to put something on, dress oneself, get dressed. gowý ~ to dress well. gara ~ to wear black.

2 • to be covered. Daglar ýaşyl geýinipdir. The mountains are covered in green.

1 •  ýyly ~

2 •  gowy ~ bir gyldan ~

3 •  Daglar ýaşyl geýinipdir.

geýmek   v. to wear, put on, dress.

gez   n. measure, length. bäş ~ ýüp

bir ~ beýgelmek   to be very glad, be satisfied.

bir ~ ýokary galmak   

gezek   n. 1 • time, occasion. ber zady her ~ aýdyp durmak on ~

2 • turn. Häzir seniň gezegiň. It is your turn now. Seniň gezegiň hem geler. Your turn will also come.

3 •  bir ~

4 •  Bize-de ~ geler.

gezekki   adj, adj. See: gezek.

gezelenç   n. trip, tour, walk. gezelenje gitmek to go for a ride, travel, go for a trip, go for a walk; to go as a tourist. gezelenje çykmak to go outside just for the sake of it. gezelenç etmek to travel, go on a trip, have a walk.

1 •  açyk howada gezelenje çykmak ~ etmek

2 •  uzak ýere gezelenje gitmek

3 •  baýramçylyk gezelenji halk gezelenji

gezmek   v. 1 • to walk. gezip barmak to walk (somewhere), go on foot. gezip ýörmek a) to go for a walk b) be well.

2 • to flirt with, go out with, see a lot of (someone). gezýän gyzy mistress.

1 •  ~ endigi oba arasynda ~ ~ ömürden, ýatmak ölümden nakyl

2 •  Sen ussadyň ýanynda gezseň, köp zat öwrenersiň. il arasynda ~

3 •  onuň gezýän gyzy

4 •  Ol dek gezjek adam däl.

gämi   n. ship, boat, vessel, liner. söwda ~si merchant ship. gämä münmek to board a ship, to get on board. ýelkenli ~ sailing ship, yacht.

howa ~si   aircraft.

çöl ~si   

gämi duralgasy   port, harbour.

gämiçi   n. sailor, seaman, boatman, ferryman.

gämik   n. cluster of shoots, new growth.

gätmek   v. 1 • to break off. çöregiň gyrasyndan ~ to break off a hunk of bread.

2 • to begin to spend, to spend (money saved), to splash out (on buying something). böwedi ~

3 •  gaýçynyň ýüzüni ~

giç   [gi:ç] adj. late. Hiçden ~ ýagşy. nakyl Better late than never. ~ agşam late at night. gijä galmak to be late. Biz otlynyň ugraýan watyndan ~ geldik. ~ turmak

~ ýagşy   good evening.

giçki   [gi:çki] adj. late. ~ güller late flowers. ~ hyýar ~ hasyl late harvest.

giçlik   [gi:çlik] adj. in the evening. ~ klubda ýygnak boljak. In the evening a meeting will be held in the club. Men ~ size bararyn.

gidibermek   v. to go ahead, keep going.

gidiş   v. 1 •  ~ ugruma dermanhana barjak.

2 •  Onuň gidişi şeýle, ol semremeýär, mydamama agajetli bolýar.

gidişin   [gidişi:n] n. single, one way, outward bound, on the way there. gidişin bileti single ticket.

gidişlik   n. group travel, package tour, trip, outing. öňe ~ headway, advance, progress.

gije   [gi:je] adv. night, at night. uzyn gije all night long. garaňky ~ Gijäňiz rahat bolsun! Gadyr gijesi

gije-gündiz   [gije-gündi:z] n. day and night, twenty-four hours. Iş ~ dowam etdi. Work went on round the clock. ~iň dowamynda over/during twenty-four hours. ~ işlemek to work day and night.

gijeki   [gi:jeki] adv. night, nightly. ~ smena night shift. ~ ýagyş ~ myhman guest who stays the night; guest who arrives late at night.

gijemek   v. to itch, scratch.

gijilewük   [gi:jilewük] n. the itch.

gimn   n. anthem. döwlet ~i National Anthem.

giň   [gi:ň] 1 • vast, spacious, expansive.

adj. wide, large, open, broad; sapcious, expansive. giň ýer an open piece of land.

2 • adj. calm, peaceful, unruffled. ~ adam person who doesn't get overexcited.

1 • adj. ~ otag ~ meýdan

2 • adj. ~ aýakgap ~ tikilen köýnek

3 • adj. ~ düşünjeli adam

4 • adj. ~ adam

5 • adj. ~ çekimliler

giňeltmek   [gi:ňeltmek] v. 1 • to widen. kanaly ~ to widen a canal.

2 • to expand. düşünjäňi ~ to expand (one's) understanding. dialogy giňeltmek to expand (their) dialogue.

giňişlik   [gi:ňişlik] n. space. Category: astronomy.

1 •  ummasyz ~ howa giňişligi

2 •  Bu meseläni giňişlikde çözmeli. (arkaýynçylyk) wagt hem ~

gips   n. plaster. ~ daňysy plaster cast.

girdap   [girda:p] n. 1 • whirlpool. derýanyň girdaby

2 • predicament, difficulty. girdaba düşmek to find o.s. (to be) in a predicament.

girdeji   [gi:rdeji] n. profit, gain, income. arassa ~ net profit. döwlet ~si revenue. ~ getirmek to yield/show a profit. ~ we çykdajy

girelge   [gi:relge] n. entrance.

girew   n. deposit. put down on borrowed goods.

1 •  Men alan karzyma öz maşynymy ~ goýdum.

2 •  Bu şertnama iki tarapyň ylalaşygy üçin ~ boldy.

3 •  ~ almak ~ dokumentleri

4 •  Arassaçylyk saglygyň girewi.

giriş   [gi:riş] n. 1 • introduction. dil bilimine ~ introduction to linguistics. ~ sözi introductory/opening address. ylmy işiň ~ bölümi romanyň ~ bölümi

2 • entrance. ~ ekzameni entrance examination.

~ sözi   Usage: grammar introductory word, parenthetical word.

girişmek   [gi:rişmek] v. 1 • enter. See: girmek. Hemmeler içerik girişdiler. They all entered the room. Tomaşaçylar zala girişdiler.

2 • to begin, set to do something, set about doing something. işe ~ to enter (a certain type of) work. iňlis dilini öwrenmäge ~

girizmek   [gi:rizmek] v. 1 • to lead someone (in, into). jaýa ~ to lead someone into a room. Üşän çagalary jaýa girizmeli.

2 • to include, join, put into. programma ~ to put/include someone in the programme.

3 • to fix someone up. işe ~ to get someone a job.

4 • establish. kanun ~ to establish a law.

teklip ~   to put forward a proposal.

girme   [gi:rme] n. entrance, access.

girmek   [gi:rmek] v. 1 • to enter. Uniwersitete giren bolsam, men hem okardym. If I had got into university I would also have studied.

2 • to join. partiýa ~ to join a party. işe ~ to take a job, go to work.

3 • to shrink. Mata giripdir. The material has shrunk.

düýşe ~   to dream, have a dream.

1 •  Maşyn şähere girdi. Myhman içeri girdi.

2 •  Uniwersitete giren bolsam, men hem okardym. Men kärhana işe girdim.

3 •  partiýa ~ täze kluba/topara ~ taryha ~

4 •  Mata giripdir.

düýşe ~   

jan ~   

sana ~   

gitara   [gi'tara] n. guitar. ~ çalmak to play the guitar.

gitdigiçe   adv. gradually, more and more. Ýel ~ güýjeýär. The wind is growing stronger and stronger.

gitmek   v. to go, leave. Men gideýinmi? Can I go? gidip gelmek to pop in (on someone), visit. Men Aşgabada gidip gelerin. I'm going to visit Ashgabat. ýany bilen gitmek to accompany someone. alyp gitmek to take, take something with one. öňden gitmek to lead, to go in front. gidip barmak to be going along.

1 •  Ol ýaňyja gitdi. Men gideýinmi?

2 •  Ol bu bölümden gitdi. Biz işi taşlap gitdik.

3 •  Oýnuň soňky tapgyry gidýär. Iş häzir örän gyssagly gidýär.

4 •  Meniň wagtym biderek gitdi. Meniň oňa köp zähmetim gitdi.

5 •  Şu gaba on litr suw gidýär. Kostýum tikmek üçin üç metr mata gidýär.

6 •  Naharyň ysy gitdi. Matanyň reňki gitdi.

7 •  pikire ~ hyýala ~

8 •  alyp ~ gaçyp ~ ylgap ~ sürüp ~ ýüzüp ~ pyýadalap ~

9 •  atylyp ~ gümmürdäp ~ sarsyp ~ ýarylyp ~ ýykylyp ~

giýew   n. 1 • bridegroom.

2 • son-in-law.

3 • brother-in-law. Ol bize ~ bolýar. Gadyr gaýyn bilen giýewde. nakyl

gizlemek   v. to hide, conceal (something).

1 •  pyçagy çagalardan ~ kitaby ~

2 •  öz çagalaryň aýybyny ~ begenjiňi ~ öz maksadyňy ~

gizlenmek   v. to cover oneself, hide.

gizlin   [gizli:n] n. 1 • secret, mystery. gizlin agent undercover agent. gizlin etmek to do something in secret.

2 • secretly, mysteriously, undercover.

1 •  ~ iş ~ gelmek ~ etmek

2 •  ~ partiýa ~ hereket ~ ýagdaý

3 •  ~ habar ~ şertnama ~ dokument

4 •  ~ agent ~ gulluk

gizlinlik   [gizli:nlik] n. secret, secrecy. ~ bilen gelmek to come secretly. dokumentiň ~ çägi

goç   n. 1 • ram. Süriniň goçy öňden barýardy. Goça buýnuz ýük däldir. nakyl

2 • brave. dag goçy ~ keýik

~ ýigit   

goçak1   adj. Usage: dial large, huge. ~ garpyz huge water-melon. ~ owadan nagyşlaryň biri

goçak2   adj. brave, courageous, bold, daring. ~ ýigit brave young fellow. ~ garpyz ~ daşlar

goçak3   n. gochak. name of an ornament in the form of horn.

goçbuýnuz   n. gochbuyunuz. name of an ornament in the form of sheep horn.

goh   [go:h] n. 1 • loud noise, shout.

2 • scandal, row. ~ turuzmak to brawl, make a row.

goja   n. old man.

gol1   n. 1 • arm, hand. ~uňy galdyrmak to raise one's hand.

2 • signature. ~ goýmak/çekmek to sign, put one's signature. gol çekilän dokýument signed document.

3 • branch.

~ ýapmak   to help, support.

gol2   n. ball. ~ salmak to score a goal.

golak   adj. armless, without arm.

golasty   adj. dependent, colonial, subordinate. ~ ýurtlar tributary countries. ~nda bolmak be subordinate (to), be under the command (of).

golaý   adj. 1 • close, near, not far from. onuň golaýynda near him/her/it.

2 • nearly, about, around, almost, approximately. Biz iki sagada ~ ýöredik. We walked for nearly two hours.

golaýlaşmak   v. to come nearer (to), draw nearer (to), draw near, approach. Daň golaýlaşýar. Day is breaking.

golça   n. jug, pitcher.

goldamak   v. to support, help, give help. moral taýdan ~ to give moral support. teklibi ~ to support the proposal.

goldaw   n. support, help. ~ bermek to support, help.

gollanma   n. 1 • aid, text book, "help", handbook.

2 • booklet, brochure.

gollanmak   v. to follow, be guided (by).

goltgy   n. help, support. ~ tapmak to find support/help (from).

goltuk   n. armpit.

golýazma   n. manuscript, hand-written document.

gomparmak   v. to give oneself airs, get a swollen head.

gonamçylyk   [go:namçylyk] n. to cemetery, graveyard, burial ground, churchyard.

gonmak   v. to land.

goňşy   adj. neighbouring, adjacent, next. ~ öý the house next door. ~ otag the next room. ~ ýurtlar neighbouring countries.

goňşy-golaň   n. neighbours.

goňur   adj. brown.

goparmak   v. 1 • to unstick, take off.

2 • to extract, pull out, uproot, root out. diş goparmak to pull a tooth out. kök goparmak to root out.

gopmak   v. to come unstuck, fall off or out, come off.

gopuz   n. jew's harp. Category: music. ~ çalmak to play a jew's harp.

gor   [go:r] n. charcoal, coals.

gorag   [go:rag] n. 1 • guard, watch. ~ astynda under arrest, in custody. ~da durmak to guard. ~ astyna almak to take into custody.

2 • defence, protection.

goragçy   [go:ragçy] n. guard; defender, protector.

goramak   [go:ramak] v. to guard, protect, defend.

gorçisa   n. mustard.

gorhana   [go:rha:na] n. armoury, arsenal, ammunition dump.

gorjaw bermek   [go:rjaw bermek] v. to goad on, provoke, egg on. Betçilik edip ary ketegine gorjaw berende endamyny arylar çokupdyrlar. Nanyň ýüzi gowy gyzarar ýaly, odyň közine gorjaw bermeli.

gorka   adv. warily, gingerly; with caution, cautiously, ~ girmek to enter warily.

gorkak   adj. coward.

gorkmak   v. to fear, be afraid of; to worry.

gorkuly   adj. 1 • terrible, horrible, dangerous, awful, dreadful. ~ adam frightful person. ~ düýş bad dream. ~ hekaýa terrifying story.

2 • frightened, scared, startled. ~ gözler frightened eyes. töweregiňe ~ garamak to look around with fright/alarm.

gorkunç   adj. terrible, horrible, frightful, awful, terrifying. ~ ýol awful road. ~ garaňkylyk terrifying darkness.

gorkusyz   adj. 1 • safe, secure. ~ ýerde in safe place.

2 • fearless, intrepid. ~ barmak to go/walk without fear.

Gorkut   n. July. ?

gorkuzmak   v. to scare, frighten someone.

gorky   n. fear (of), dread (of), terror. Gorkynyň ölüme peýdasy ýok. Being afraid doesn't stop you dying. gorka düşmek to fear, be afraid (of).

gorp   n. trap, pit. ~a ýykylmak to fall into a trap.

gorşok   n. potty.

goş   n. 1 • belongings, possessions, things; baggage.

2 • camp. a herdsman's camp.

goşa   n. pair, couple.

goşalamak   v. to double, make a pair.

goşant   n. 1 • addition, dash. çäge goşady bolmadyk toýun clay having no addition of sand.

2 • contribution. ~ goşmak to make a contribution.

goşar   n. wrist.

goşawuç   n. handful. ~ bilen suw içmek to drink water from cupped hands. ~ bilen ölçemek to measure with cupped hands.

goş-golaň   n. belongings, utensils.

goşgy   n. poem. goşgy goşmak to write a poem.

goşma   n. addition.

~ sözlem   compound/complex sentence.

~ at   compound noun.

goşmaça   adj. supplementary, additional, extra. ~ sorag bermek ask an additional question. ~ wagt extra time.

goşmak   v. 1 • to add. Alty goşmak iki daňdir sekiz. 6 plus 2 equals 8.

2 • to compose, write. goşgy ~ to write a poem.

~ alamaty   plus.

baş ~   to take part in something, take to someone.

goşulmak   v. 1 • to be added. Süýde suw goşulypdyr. Water is added to milk. Sözlüge näçe söz goşuldy? How many words are added to the dictionary?

2 • to interfere (in), intervene (in), meddle (with). Ol urşa goşuldy. He intervened in the fight. başganyň durmuşyma ~ to meddle with other people's lives.

3 • to join. Ol gürrüňe goşuldy. He joined the conversation.

4 • to agree. pikere ~ to agree with an idea.

goşun   n. army.

goşunçylyk   n. military service. goşunçylyga çagyrmak to call up for military service, call to the colours.

gowaça   n. cotton. ~ ekmek to sow cotton.

gowak   n. 1 • big hole, burrow.

2 • cave, den.

gowgaçy   [gowga:çy] adj. quarrelsome. ~ adam quarrelsome person.

gowlyk   n. great great grandchild.

gownühoş   adj. satisfied (with), content (with), pleased (with). ~ bolmak to be satisfied. öz-özünden ~ self-satisfied, pleased with oneself.

gowrak   better than, more than.

gowrulmak   v. to be fried, be roasted, be grilled.

gowşak   adj. 1 • weak, feeble, loose, slack. Ol matematikadan ~ He is weak in mathematics. Bu mugallym okuwçyny ~ tutýar. That teacher is easy going with the pupils.

2 • cowardly, iressoulute, of a weak character.

3 • talentless.

4 • unconvincing; quiet, wary.

5 • soft. ~ ýer soft ground.

6 • gentle, gently.

7 • slow, slowly. Neşirýatymyz has hem ~ işleýär Our printing house works very slowly.

gowşaklyk   n. weakness, feebleness, debility. ~ düýmak to have a weakness (for). ~ etmek to display one's weakness.

gowşamak   v. to weaken, grow weak, to slacken. Ýel kem-kemden gowşaýar. The wind is gradually slackening.

gowşurmak   v. to give, hand over, deliver, present. sylagy ~ to hand over a present. salam ~ to send one's regards. haty ~ to deliver a letter.

gol gowşurmak   to fold one's hands.

gowşurylmak   v. to be delivered, be handed over, be given.

gowulandyrmak   v. to improve, make/do something better.

gowulanmak   v. 1 • to improve. Önümiň hili gowulandy. The product has improved in quality.

2 • to get well, recover. Onuň ýagdaýy gowulandy. He got well (again).

gowulaşdyrmak   v. to improve.

gowulaşmak   v. 1 • to improve (gradually), become better. Işler gowulaşýar. Things are looking up.

2 • to recover, get well.

gowulyk   n. 1 • (good) quality, soundness. önümiň gowulygy the quality of a product.

2 • goodness, kindness. bu gowlugyň üstünden on account of this kindness. ~ etmek to do good. ~ arzuw etmek to wish someone well.

gowurma   n. fried meat. Usage: often done to preserve it if you don't have a refridgerator

gowurmak   v. to fry.

gowuşmak   v. 1 • to reach. Hat maňa diňe şu gün gowuşdy. The letter only reached me today.

2 • to meet (up). söýgüliňe ~ to meet up with a loved one, to be reunited.

3 • to repossess. he repossessed his own land

gowy   adj. good, well, fine. Gowymy? Are you well? gowrak better. ~ okamak to study hard.

~ görmek   to like, love, enjoy.

goý   intens. let, may. ~ dynç alsyn. Let him have a rest. ~ işlesin. Let him work. ~ ömri uzak bolsun! May he live a long life!

goýberilmek   v. 1 • to be let in. içerik ~ to be let in.

2 • to be released, be set free. türmeden ~ to be released from prison.

3 • to be admitted, be allowed. Ol ekzamenlere goýberilmedi. He was not allowed to take exams.

4 • to be printed, be published. Makala goýberildi. The article was published.

goýbermek   v. 1 • to let go, release, free. Ony düýä ýükle-de, kowyp goýber! Put her on the camel and drive her away!

2 • to allow, let, permit.

3 • to produce, turn out. ýalňyş ~ to turn out sloppy work.

goýbolsun   adv.

goýdurmak   v. to make someone stop doing something. çaganyň aglamasyny ~ to quieten/soothe a child. çilim çekmegi ~ to make someone give up smoking.

goýmak   v. 1 • to put. kitaplary şkafda ~ to put the books in the bookcase. erbet ýagdaýda ~ to put someone in an awkward situation. nokat ~ to put a full stop (e.g. at the end of a sentence). ýadygärlik ~ to erect/put up a monument.

2 • to keep, retain, reserve, leave. gyşa ~ to keep/reserve for the winter.

3 • to give up, stop. Gürrüňiňizi goýuň! Stop talking! çilim çekmegi ~ to give up smoking.

4 • to deposit.

at ~   to name.

gadam ~   to step, take a step.

goýulmak   v. 1 • to be placed, be put, be erected, be installed. Ýadygärlik goýuldy. The monument was erected.

2 • to be left, be deposited. Siziň paýyňyz goýuldy. Your share is left.

3 • to be put. nokat ~ for a full stop to be put (e.g. at the end of a sentence).

goýum   n. deposit (in a bank account), investment.

maýa goýun   capital.

goýumçy   n. depositor, investor.

goýun   n. Usage: female sheep.

goýy   adj. thick. ~ gaýmak thick cream.

goza   [go:za] n. (silkworm) cocoon. Usage: colloq Saryk açylmadyk ~ unopenned cotton plant boll.

gozgalaň   [go:zgalaň] n. 1 • uprising, revolt, insurrection. ýaragly ~ armed revolt/uprising/insurrection. ~ etmek to rise in rebellion (against), revolt (against).

2 • anxiety, concern, uneasiness, agitation, nervousness. ~ tapmak to be anxious/uneasy (about), worry (about). ~a salmak to worry.

gozgamak   [go:zgamak] v. 1 • to move. Ol stoly ýerinden gozgap bilmedi. He couldn't move the table.

2 • to touch upon, raise. mesele ~ to touch upon a subject/question.

Derdini gozgama.   Don't be so touchy.

göbek   [gö:bek] n. 1 • navel.

Usage: anatomy 2 • umbilical cord. ~ ingisi umbilical hernia. ~ kesmek to cut the umbilical chord.

~ ene   midwife.

öz göbegiňi özüň kesmek   to have one's own way.

göç   n. 1 • move (to new place of residence). Iki ~ - bir talaň. If you move several times you 'll get ruined.

2 • move, lead. ~ aklardan white's move (e.g. in a board game).

göçgünli   adj. 1 • excited, worried, agitated.

2 • noisy, merry, cheerful, loud. ~ ses loud voice.

göçme   adj. 1 • nomadic. ~ halk nomadic people.

2 • travelling, movable, mobile. ~ sergi travelling exhibition.

3 • figurative, metaphorical. sözüň ~ manysy figurative meaning of a word.

göçmek   v. 1 • to move (house or flat). Ol başga öýe göçdi. He moved (to another) house.

2 • to make a move. ýalňyş ~ to make the wrong move.

3 • to shoot. Tüpeň göçmedi. The rifle misfired.

kelle ~   to grow heated/excited.

göçüm   n. move. garalaryň ~i blacks' move (e.g.in a board game).

göçüp-gonmak   v. to roam from place to place, wander, move. göçüp-gonup ýörmek to constantly roam from place to place.

göçür   n. copy.

göçürmek   v. 1 • to copy. täzeden ~ to rewrite, copy something again.

2 • to move, resettle. başga jaýa ~ to move to another flat.

3 • to move (from). jaýdan ~ to move from the flat.

gödek   adj. rude, crude, coarse. ~ adam rude man. ~ söz aýtmak to be rude (to).

gögerçin   [gö:gerçin] n. wild pigeon, wild dove.

gögermek   v. 1 • to grow. Otlar gögerip başlady. Grass(es) began to grow.

2 • to turn blue, become blue. Sowukdan ýaňa onuň dodaklary gögeripdir. His lips turned blue because of cold.

ekilmedik ýerde ~   to come to a place where one is not expected/invited.

gök   [gök] n. bruise.

gök galdy   sore, tender bruise.

adj. 1 • green. gök çaý green tea. gök önümler green vegetables, greens.

2 • blue. gök asman blue sky.

2 • fresh, unripe.

3 • sky, heaven. Başda Hudaý gögi we ýeri ýaratdy. In the beginning God made the heavens and the earth.

göm-gök   [göm-gö:k] adj. very green, blue, fresh etc.

göknar   [gö:kna:r] n. poppy.

göl   [gö:l] n. carpet design, pattern.

göle   n. calf.

gölegçi   [gö:legçi] n. mourner, one of funeral procession.

gömmek   v. 1 • to cover, bury. hapany ~ to bury rubbish.

2 • to bury.

sorag bilen ~   to bombard/shower someone with questions.

gön   [gö:n] n. leather. ~ zawody leather factory. ýumşak ~ soft leather.

göndermek   v. to send, refer. işe ~ to assign someone to work, assign someone to post. salam ~ to send one's regards.

gönelmek   v. to straighten, stand erect, draw oneself up.

göneltmek   v. to straighten, unbend. biliňi ~ to straighten one's back. taýagy ~ to unbend the stick.

göni   adj. 1 • straight, direct. Göni gidiber. Keep going straight on. gös-göni (as) straight as a die.

2 • open, frank, truthful, upright. ~ adam frank person.

3 • right, true. ~ňden gelmek to tell the truth. gönüsini aýdanda truth to tell, to be honest.

gönükdirilmek   v. 1 • to be directed (to), be turned (to/towards) direct (at, to); turn (to); aim (at), level (at), point (to, toward) ().

2 • to be directed (to/at), be concentrated on. Üns gurluşyga gönükdirildi. Attention was directed at the construction.

3 • to be regulated, be put right, be arranged.

gönükdirmek   v. 1 • to direct (to, at), turn, show the way (to).

2 • to direct (to, at), concentrate. ünsi bir zada ~ to direct one's attention to something.

3 • to put right, regulate, adjust. işi ~ to set the work going.

gönükme   n. exercise. gönükmäni işlemek to do an exercise (e.g. from a textbook).

gönükmek   v. 1 • to make one's way (to), make (for), direct one's steps. şähere tarap ~ to make one's way to the town.

2 • to get right, return to normal. Iş gönükdi. Work returned to normal.

gönülik   n. 1 • straightness. çyzygyň gönüligi the straightness of a line; how straight a line is.

2 • truthfulness, uprightness, frankness, openness (e.g. of someone's character).

gönümel   adj. frank, honest, open, upright. ~ adam truthful/upright person. ~ jogap honest answer. ~ bolmak to be frank/honest/upright.

gör   [gö:r] n. grave, tomb. ~üňe alyp gitmek to take someone to the grave with o.s.

~den çykan ýaly   dirty. Usage: lit

gördüm-bildim   n. news, tidings. Ondan ~ ýok. There is no news of him. ~ ýitmek to be missing.

göreç   n. pupil (part of eye).

görelde   n. example, model.

göreldeli   adj. exemplary, model. özüňi ~ alyp barmak to be an example. ~ hojalyk model farm.

göreş   n. wrestle, wrestling match, fight.

göreşiji   n. 1 • fighter (for), campaigner, activist. parahatçylyk ugrunda ~ peace campaigner.

Usage: sportsman 2 • wrestler.

göreşjeň   adj. warlike, militant, nationalist. ~ halk a warlike people. duşmanlary bilen ~ halk a people who always defend themselves against their enemies.

göreşmek   v. 1 • to fight (for, with, against), struggle.

2 • to wrestle.

görä   post. 1 • in/by comparison with, as compared (with). Çen maňa ~ has güýçlüräksiň. In comparison with me, you are stronger.

2 • by reason (of), on account (of), according (to), seeing (that). meniň pikirime ~ in my opinion, to my mind. şoňa ~ that's why, therefore.

görgi   n. torment, torture, pangs. açlyk görgüsi torment of hunger. ~ görkezmek to make someone suffer, to torture, torment.

görgüli   n. 1 • martyr, sufferer.

2 • poor fellow/boy/thing.

görip   [gö:ri:p] n. envious person. görip bolmak to be envious.

göripçilik   [gö:ri:pçilik] n. envy. ~ etmek to envy. ~ bilen with envy, enviously.

göriplik   [gö:ri:plik] n. enviousness. See: göripçilik.

görk   n. beauty. ~üne ~ goşmak to make more beautiful.

görkana   [görka:na] adj. 1 • beautiful, pretty, handsome, fine. ~ gyz beautiful girl.

2 • picturesque, beautiful. ~ ýer beauty spot.

görkeziji   n. 1 • exponent, index. Usage: mathematics dereje ~ degree index.

2 • indicator, marker. ýol ~ road sign. ýol ~ guide, directory.

görkezilmek   v. 1 • to be shown, be displayed. Düýn okuwçylara täze film görkezildi. A new film was shown to the pupils yesterday.

2 • to be pointed out, be mentioned. Habarda görkezilen faktlar dogry tapyldy. The facts mentioned in the article were found to be true.

3 • to be nominated, be proposed. deputatlyga ~ to be nominated as candidate.

görkeziş   n. 1 • showing, demonstration. täze film ~ showing of a new film.

2 • reading. esbabyň ~i reading on/of an instrument.

görkezme   n. 1 • showing, demonstration.

2 • indication, pointing out.

3 • instruction, direction. ~ bermek to give instructions.

4 • testimony, evidence. ~ bermek to testify, bear witness.

~ çalyşmasy   

Usage: grammar 5 • demonstrative pronoun.

görkezmek   v. 1 • to show, demonstrate, put on. görkeziji tagta time-table. täze oýun ~ to put on a new play.

2 • to point (at, to).

3 • to put up, render. garşylyk ~ to put up resistance.

4 • to display. batyrlyk ~ to display one's courage.

5 • to nominate. kandidaturasyny ~ to nominate someone for election.

görmegeý   adj. beautiful, nice, handsome, attractive. ~ ýigit handsome fellow.

görme-görüş   n. visit, call (U.S.) görme-görşe barmak to pay someone a visit/call. görme-görşe gelmek to come to see someone.

görmek   v. 1 • to see. erbet ~ a) to see badly/have poor eyesight b) to hate. ýagşy ~ a) to see well/have good eyesight b) to love (i.e. a person), respect.

2 • to watch, look.

3 • experience, go to see. Sen toý gördüňmi? Have you been to a wedding?

şoňa görä   therefore.

gowy görmek   to like.

görnetin   [görneti:n] adj. 1 • obvious, evident, manifest, overt. ~ zorluk overt violence.

2 • deliberately, on purpose. ~ gijä galmak to be deliberately late.

görnükli   adj. 1 • visible, conspicuous. ~ ýerde goýmak to put someone in a conspicuous place.

2 • eminent, distinguished, notable, prominent. ~ alym prominent scientist. See: görmegeý.

görnüş   n. 1 • kind, sort, type, version, variant, variation.

2 • breed, species, race.

3 • shape, form.

görübermek   v. see (what will happen), wait and see. Bagtymyzdakyny görübereris-dä. We'll see (what will happen).

görübilmezçilik   n. envy. ~ etmek to envy.

görülmek   v. to be seen, be noticed.

taýýarlyk ~   prepare (for), get/make ready (for).

görüm   n. 1 • example, model, pattern. başgalar üçin ~ bolmak to become a model for others.

2 • monthly period. ~ görmek to have one's monthly period. See: görk.

görümsiz   adj. ill-bred, badly brought up. ~ adam ill-bred person.

görünmek   v. to appear, show oneself (to be), look (like), seem, be visible. göze görünmek to seem. Ol gyz meniň gözüme owdan bolyp göründi. That girl seemed so beautiful to me.

görüş   n. sight, eyesight, vision. ~ organy organ of sight.

görüşmek   v. 1 • to see each other, meet. Ýene-de görüşýänçäk, sag bol. Until we meet again, goodbye! her gün görüşmek to meet each other every day.

2 • to shake hands, greet.

göterilmek   v. to rise (up), go up. Samolýot ýokary göterildi. The plane rose into the sky.

göwnüň ~   be glad (at), be happy (at), rejoice (in).

göterim   n. 1 • per cent, rate.

2 • interest.

götermek   v. 1 • to lift (sth. off the ground), pick up.

2 • to receive, take.

3 • -. saglyk ~ to drink to someone's health.

baş ~   to oppose.

göwher   n. diamond. ~ monjuk diamond necklace.

göwnejaý   [göwneja:ý] adj. suitable, proper, appropriate, good, right. ~ wagt the right moment, a suitable moment. ~ etmek to do someone good.

göwnemek   v. to agree, consent, give one's consent.

göwnetmek   v. to persuade, induce, make someone agree, take one's consent. Maňa ony göwnetmek kyn boldy. It was difficult for me to persuade her.

göwnüçökgün   n. melancholic person, pessimist. ~ adam pessimist.

göwnühoş   adj. content, satisfied. Ol örän ~ bolupdyr. He was very content.

göwre   n. 1 • body, frame.

2 • womb. göwrede çaga galmak to conceive.

göwreli   adj. Usage: human pregnant.

göwrüm   n. volume, capacity, size.

~i giň   easy-tempered, composed.

göwün   n. 1 • heart, soul. Usage: emotions

2 • desire. ~den turmak to satisfy one's desires. göwne ýaramak to like.

~ hoşlamak   to have a good time.

göwne almak   to take offence.

göwne gelmek   1 • to be gripped by a feeling.

2 • to take something the wrong way.

~üne düwmek   to intend to, decide to.

~ bitgin   satisfied.

göwne jaý bolmak   to be comfortable, be just right.

göwün-isleg   n. wish, desire, aspiration (for), yearning (for).

göwün-kine   n. offence, injury, wrong, resentment, dissatisfaction, ~ etmäň! don't be offended! ~ etmek take offence, be dissatisfied.

göwünjeň   adv. willingly, with desire.

göwünjeňlik   n. wish, desire, inclination (to, for). ~ bilen willingly, readily, gladly.

göwünli   adj. willing. Gitmäge kim ~? Who wants to go? ~ bolmak to agree, want.

kiçi ~   modest, humble.

pes ~   humble.

ak ~   open-hearted.

göwünlik   n. -. ~ bermek to comfort, console, calm.

göwüs   n. breast, mammary gland.

göz   n. eye. ~ perdesi cornea. ~ hanasy eye-socket. ~üň agy white (of the eye). ~üň garasy pupil (of the eye). ~ gypmak to wink (at), give a wink (at). ~üň awusyny almak to take a nap. ~ ýetirmek to realise, to find something out; know well, understand. ~den geçirmek to check smth. ~den galmak become poor-sighted.

~ oýnaklatmak   to flirt (with).

~den ýitmek   to disappear.

~üň gitmek   to envy.

~den salmak   to neglect.

göz öňünde tutulmak   v. to be considered.

gözbaşy   n. source, spring. Onuň bilimiň gözbaşy nirede? What is the source of his knowledge?

göz-dil   n. the evil eye. ~den saklamak to protect someone against/from the evil eye.

gözeg   n. nursing, looking (after), care, tending. Çaga ~ gerek. A child needs to be cared for.

gözegçi   n. watchman.

gözegçilik   n. look-out, observation. gözekçilik punkty look-out post.

gözel   adj. beautiful, pretty.

gözelleşmek   v. to become more beautiful, grow prettier. Biziň şäherimiz gün-günden gözelleşýär. Our town becomes more beautiful day by day.

gözellik   n. beauty, prettiness. tebigatyň ~leri the charms/beauty of nature.

gözenek   n. bars, grating, lattice. demir ~ iron bars.

gözenegiň aňyrsyna salmak   to put someone behind bars.

gözgyny   [gözgy:ny] adj. miserable, pitiful, pitiable. ~ ýagdaýda bolmak to be a sorry sight, cut a poor figure.

gözleg   n. 1 • search. bir zadyň ~inde bolmak to be in search of something.

2 • prospecting. ~ işleri prospecting/exploratory works.

3 • dream, wish, desire. Onuň ~i şonuň ýaly gyzdy. It was his dream to have a girl like that.

gözlemek   v. to search, look for, seek.

gözlenmek   v. to be wanted. gözlenilýän adam wanted person.

gözli   adj. 1 • eyed, sighted, having... eye(s). bir ~ one-eyed. ýiti ~ sharp-sighted, keen-eyed.

2 • holed. uşak ~ tor a net with small holes.

gözli-başly   adj. having a family, family. ~ adam family man. ~ bolmak to have a family, to be married. ~ etmek to marry, get married.

gözsüz   adj. 1 • blind.

2 • without a cell.

gözýaş   [gözýa:ş] n. tear. ~ etmek to cry, weep. ~ edip aglamak to cry bitterly, weep.

gözýetim   n. 1 • horizon. görünýän ~ visible horizon.

2 • horizon, mental outlook. ~i giň adam broad- minded person. ~i dar adam narrow-minded person. ~iňi giňeltmek to expand one's horizon.

gradus   n. degree, degrees celcius, Fahrenheit. Howanyň gyzgynlygy bu gün kyrk ~a ýetdi. Today's maximum (temperature) is forty degrees (celcius). Çep burç - 30 gradus. The angle on the left hand side is 30 degrees.

grafik   n. schedule. ~ boýunça işlemek to work to schedule, work according to the schedule. ýol hereketleriniň grafigi timetable. See: nobat; tertip.

graždan   [graž'dan] n. citizen, civilian. See: raýat.

adj. civil, civic. ~laryň borjy civil rights. ~ kodeksi civic code. ~ urşy civil war. See: raýat.

graždanlyk   adj. civil, civilian, civic. ~ hukuklary civil rights. ~ hukugy civil law. ~ urşy civil war. See: raýatlyk.

gram   n. gram.

greçka   n. Usage: colloq buckwheat.

grek   n. Greek. Category: geogr. ~ aýaly Greek woman. ~ dili Greek, the Greek language. Category: language.

grip   n. Usage: medical influenza, grippe, flu. ~ zerarly öýken çişmesi influenzal pneumonia. ~ bilen kesellemek to have influenza. See: dümew.

gruzin   n. Georgian. Category: geogr. ~ aýaly Georgian. ~ dili Georgian, the Georgian language. Category: language.

gubur   [gubu:r] n. grave. Abu Seýit ýogalandan soň musulman ruhanylary onuň guburynyň töwereginde onuň kultuny döredipdirler.

guda   n. parents-in-law.

gudrat   n. 1 • miracle, wonder, marvel. ~ görkezmek to show/do a miracle/wonder. ~ bilen by miracle, miraculously.

2 • power.

gudratly   adj. 1 • wonder-making, miraculous. ~ bolmak to be miraculous.

2 • powerful, strong, mighty. ~ gollar strong hands.

guduz   adj. 1 • mad, rabid. ~ it mad dog, rabid dog. ~ açmak to go mad, become rabid.

2 • mischievous, naughty. ~ çaga naughty child.

gujak   n. 1 • embrace, hug.

2 • arms.

gujaklamak   v. to hug, embrace.

gujaklaşmak   v. to embrace, hug one another. duşuşykda ~ to hug one another on meeting.

gujur   n. energy, power, strength.

~ görkezmek   to show/display one's enthusiasm.

gul   n. slave, servant. ~ etmek to enslave, make someone into a slave.

gulak   n. ear.

gulak as!   1 • listen here!

Usage: Amer 2 • listen up!

Çüş! Tamda gulak bar.   Lit: Shsh! The house has ears. Shsh! The walls have ears.

Aýaly onuň gulak etini birsyhly gazap dur.   His wife nags him all the time.

gulakhalka   n. earring. ?? pair of earrings.

gulçulyk   n. slavery, slave-owning. ~ döwri slave-owning age.

gulluk   n. service, national service. ~ etmek to serve, to do (one's) national service. esgerlik gullugynda while a soldier is doing his national service.

gullukçy   n. 1 • servant.

2 • employee, worker.

gullukçylyk   n. (in) service, post or position of servant/employee.

gulp   n. 1 • handle. çäýnegiň ~y the handle of a teapot.

2 • lock.

gulpak   n. plait, tress, braid. ~ goýmak to plait, to put plaits in.

gulplamak   v. to lock. gapyny ~ to lock the door.

gum   n. earth, soil, sand. Garagum çöl the Karakum desert.

gunça   n. bud of a flower.

gupba   n. silver head-piece. dome-like silver ornament sewed to the girl's skull cap.

guradylan   adj. dried.

gurak   adj. dry, draughty. ~ klimat dry climate. ~ meýdan dry field. ~ howa dry weather.

gural   [gura:l] n. tool, instrument. saz gurallary musical instruments. Category: music.

guralmak   v. to be organised.

gurama1   n. organisation.

gurama2   adj. patchwork. ~ köýnek a patchwork shirt. made out of several pieces of material.

guramaçy   n. organiser.

guramaçylyk   adj. organisation. ~ ukyby talent for organisation.

guramak1   v. to combine, sew some pieces together.

guramak2   v. 1 • to dry out, dry up, get drier.

2 • to grow old.

guratmak   [gu:ratmak] v. to dry something.

gulak etini ~   keep on about something to someone.

gurbaga   [gurba:ga] n. frog.

gurban   [gurba:n] n. 1 • sacrifice. ~ etmek to sacrifice. Gurban Baýram Greater Bairam. at the end of the Islamic year - celebrates Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son, and the provision of the ram in his son's place.

2 • victim. ~ bolmak to fall victim, die.

gurbanlyk   [gurba:nlyk] n. 1 • sacrifice, offering to God.

2 • sacrificial.

gurbat   n. force, strength, power. Bu işi etmäge onuň gurbaty çatmaz. He won't have the strength to do this work.

gurçuk   n. worm. ýüpek gurçugy silkworm. ~ tohumy grain. ~ tutmak to breed silkworms.

gurgun   adj. healthy, well. Gurgunmy? Are you healthy?

Gurhan   [Gurha:n] n. Usage: religious Quran, Koran (Muslim holy book).

gurjak   n. doll.

gurluş   n. structure, system, composition, construction. jemgýetçilik-ykdysady ~ social and economic structure. maddanyň ~y composition of a substance. jaýyň ~y construction of a house. Usage: grammar turkmen diliniň grammatik ~y the grammatical structure of the Turkmen language.

gurluşyk   n. construction project, building-site.

gurluşykçy   n. builder.

gurmak   v. 1 • to build, construct, erect. zawod ~ to build a factory.

2 • to arrange, make , organise, build. täze durmuş ~ to build a new life.

3 • to put, establish, place, install. gapan ~ to install a trap.

gurp   n. 1 • power, strength. ~dan gaçmak to lose one's strength.

2 • wealth. ~dan düşmek to lose one's wealth.

gurply   adj. 1 • strong, powerful. ~ gollar strong hands.

2 • prosperous, rich, well-to-do. ~ maşgala prosperous family.

gurra   n. fortune-telling, sorcery, card-reading. ~ taşlamak to tell fortunes, tell someone's fortunes.

gursak   n. breast. ~ kletkasy thorax.

guýma ~   clever, intelligent.

dürtme ~   muddle-headed, slow-witted, stupid.

gurşalmak   v. to be/get surrounded.

gurşamak   v. to surround.

gurşun   n. lead.

gulagyňa ~ guýlan ýaly bolmak   to behave as if one is deaf, pretend one hasn't heard.

gurt   n. curd.

gurujy   n. builder.

gurulmak   v. 1 • to be built, be constructed. Täze jaý guruldy. A hew house was built.

2 • to be placed, be installed, be set.

gurultaý   n. congress, conference, convention. ~yň delegaty delegate to a congress/conference. ~ geçirmek to hold a conference.

gury   [gu:ry] adj. dry. ~ ýel dry wind. ~ toprak dry soil.

gussa   n. sorrow, grieve, mourn, sadness, melancholy.

guş   n. bird.

guşak   n. belt, cummerbund, sash. Turkmen belts are made of material or rope. (trad. ones of metal; khan's wore them).

guşamak   v. to gird. gowşak ~ to girdle weak, bind the belt weak. biliňi ~ to girdle, put a belt on one's waist.

gutap   [guta:p] n. gutap. flat, semi-circular pasty made of dough then filled and either fried or cooked in the oven. See: somsa.

gutarmak   v. 1 • to finish, end, complete.

2 • to graduate (from). ýokary okuw jaýyny ~ to graduate from a higher educational establishment.

3 • to rescue, save. ölümden ~ to rescue from death.

4 • to die, pass away.

gutarylmak   v. 1 • to be finished, be completed, be ended.

2 • to be saved, be rescued.

gutlag   adj. congratulatory. ~ sözleri words of congratulation. ~ telegrammasy telegram of congratulation.

gutlamak   v. to congratulate. gutly bolsun congratulations! Doglan günüň bilen gutlaýaryn! Congratulations on your birthday!

gutly   n. lucky. Gutly bolsuň! Congratulations!

gutulmak   v. 1 • to recover, get better. keselden ~ to recover from disease/illness, get over sickness.

2 • to heal, close up, skin over. Ýara gutuldy. The wound healed up.

3 • to save oneself, escape. Ol zordan gaçyp gutuldy. He had a narrow escape. howpdan ~ to save oneself from danger.

gutulyş   n. salvation.

guty   n. box. poçta gutysy letter box, mailbox.

guwanç   n. 1 • pride. halkyň guwanjy people's pride.

2 • happiness, joy. ~ bilen with joy.

guwandyrmak   v. to make glad/happy, cause joy, gladden. çagany ~ to make a child glad/happy.

guwanjaň   adj. proud.

guýguç   n. funnel. ~ bilen guýmak to pour through a funnel.

guýmak   v. 1 • to pour (into). gazana suw ~ to pour water into a pot. Ýagyş dyngysyz guýýar. It is raining incessantly.

2 • to flow (into), fall (into). Amuderýa Aral deňzine guýýar. The Amu Daria river flows into the Aral sea.

gulaguna ~   to teach.

guýruk   n. 1 • tail.

Usage: of certain breeds of sheep 2 • fat tail. ~ ýagy fat of sheep's tail.

~ tutdurmazlyk   to be difficult to catch, be elusive.

guýy   n. Usage: water source well.

guzlamak   v. 1 • to give birth, to kitten, calve, lamb, bear. Usage: animals Goýun guzlapdyr. The sheep lambed.

Usage: hen 2 • to lay. Towuk ýumurtga guzlady. The hen has laid an egg. Bu towuk gowy guzlaýar. This hen is a good layer.

guzy   n. lamb.

gübürdemek   v. to thunder. Gök gübürdeýär. It is thundering.

gübürdi   n. thunder.

güjük   n. puppy, little doggie.

gül   n. 1 • flower. gyzyl ~ red flower. ~ sapagy peduncle. ~ ýatagy receptacle. gül ýaka large round silver brooch.

2 • pattern, ornament, design. ~ salmak to decorate with a pattern.

~ ýüzli   beautiful, handsome, with a beautiful face.

~ pürkülen ýaly   clean.

gülaby   [güla:by] n. gulaby (sort of melon).

gülala-güllük   [güla:la-güllük] adj. in good order, in good condition. Jaýyň içi ~ The house is in good order.

güldan   [gülda:n] n. vase.

güldürmek   v. to make someone laugh. Ol aglap oturan çagany güldürdi. He made the crying baby laugh.

gülälek   n. poppy. Category: bot.

gülki   n. 1 • laughter, laugh. Meniň gülki ýadyma düşenok. I am in no mood for laughter.

2 • laughing-stock, butt. ile ~ bolmak to be a laughing-stock for all.

gülküli   adj. funny, ridiculous, laughable. ~ hekaýa funny story.

gülkünç   adj. funny.

güllemek   v. 1 • to flower, bloom, blossom.

2 • to prosper, flourish.

gülmek   v. to laugh, mock, laugh at. Meret onuň üstünden güldi. Meret laughed at him.

gül-pürçük   adj. clean, neat, tidy. Otagyň içi ~ The room is clean and tidy.

gülüşmek   v. to laugh (with someone), laugh together.

gülýaka   n. brooch. traditional Turkmen large round silver necklace.

güman   [güma:n] n. doubt, suspicion. ~ etmek to doubt, suspect. ~ edilmek to be suspected. ~ etmek to suppose, think. ~ edilmek to be supposed.

gümana   [güma:na] adj. doubtful, questionable, dubious. Onuň geljegi ~ It is doubtful that he will come.

gümansyz   [güma:nsyz] adv. undoubtedly, doubtless, beyond all question, Sen, ~, mamla. There is no doubt that you are right.

gümmez   n. 1 • dome. metjidiň ~i the dome of a mosque.

2 • domed building.

gümmürdemek   v. to crash, roar, thunder, rumble. gümmürdäp başlamak to begin to thunder, begin to roar/rumble.

gümra   [gümra:] adj. carried away (by, with), keen (on). ~ bolmak to be carried away, take a great interest (in).

gümrük   n. 1 • customs. gümrük düzgüni customs regulations. gümrük deklarasiýasy customs declarations.

2 • tax.

gümrükhana   [gümrükha:na] n. customs office, customs house.

gümürtik   adj. indefinite, vague, unclear. ~ jogap bermek to give an evasive answer.

gün   n. 1 • sun. ~ dogdy The sun has risen. ~ ýaşdy The sun has set. ~ sistemasy solar system. ~ tutulmasy solar eclipse. ~ şöhlesi sunshine, sunlight.

2 • day. bu/şu gün today. şu günki gazet today's paper. iş ~i the working day. zähmet ~ shift (i.e. work). ol ~ that day. bir ~ one day. ~de everyday. uzak(ly) gün all day long. uzyn(ly) gün all day long.

3 • life, existence. Ol maňa ~ berenok. He never leaves me in peace. ~ görmek to earn one's living.

günaşa   [güna:şa] adv. every other day, alternate days. Ol ~ gelýär. He comes every other day.

günbatar   n. west.

gündeki   adj. daily, everyday. ~ gazýetler daily papers, dailies.

gündelik   n. 1 • current, present-day. ~ işler current/routine affairs. ~ habarlar current news. ~ maglumatlar daily information.

2 • diary, journal. See: gündeki.

gündiz   adv. in the daytime, by day. gije-gündiz day and night.

gije-gündiz   n. day and night, twenty-four hours. Iş ~ dowam etdi. Work went on round the clock. ~iň dowamynda over/during twenty-four hours. ~ işlemek to work day and night.

gündogar   n. east. Uzak Gündogar The Far East. Ýakyn Gündogar The Near East.

güneş   adj. sunny.

güneşli   adj. sunny. ~ günler sunny days, days when the sun shines. ~ Türkmenistan sunny Turkmenistan.

güneý   adj. sun, sunny. jaýyň ~ tarapy the sunny side of a house.

günä   n. 1 • sin. ~ iş etmek to sin, to comit a sin. ~sini geçmek to forgive, pardon.

2 • fault.

3 • guilt.

~ ýüklemek   to make someone shoulder the blame.

günäkär   n. 1 • the guilty one, the one at fault. Sen ~ It's your fault. ~ bolmak to be guilty.

2 • the accused, defendant. ~den sorag etmek to question/interrogate the defendant.

3 • sinner.

günäkärlemek   v. to blame (someone for), accuse (someone of), charge (someone with). ogurlykda ~ to accuse someone of theft.

günälemek   v. to accuse, charge, condemn. See: günäkärlemek.

günäli   adj. sinful, guilty.

günäsiz   adj. guiltless, blameless, not guilty, sinless, innocent.

güni   n. Usage: arch (other) wife. the relationship between two or more wives who are married to the same husband.

günlük   adj. day, daily, of...days, -day. bir ~ gazanç day's pay. iki ~ iş work lasting two days, two-day job.

günlükçi   n. hired hand, day-labourer. workman hired by the day. ~ bolup işlemek to work as day-labourer. ~ aýal charwoman, woman hired by the day.

günorta   n. south.

günortan   [günorta:n] adv. noon, midday. ~ nahary lunch, dinner. ~dan soň afternoon.

günortanlyk   n. lunch.

günsaýyn   [günsa:ýyn] adv. day by day, day after day, from day to day. Çaga ~ ösýär. Child grows up day by day.

güň   n. deaf-and-dumb.

güpürdemek   v. to thunder, roar. Howa güpürdeýär. It is thundering.

gürji   n. Usage: colloq Georgian. Category: geogr. men ~ I am a Georgian. ~ dili the Georgian language. Category: language.

Gürjistan   [Gü:rjista:n] n. Georgia. Category: geogr.

gürlemek   v. 1 • to speak, talk. dogry ~ to speak honestly. öwnüp ~ to boast.

2 • to thunder, roar. gök gürleýär It thunders, It is thundering.

3 • to growl, roar, snarl. Gaplaň gürleýär. A tiger growls/roars.

gürleşmek   v. 1 • to talk, have a talk, converse, have a conversation. iş barada ~ to have a talk about work/business.

2 • to make arrangements (about, for), arrange (about, for). Aürleşdikmi? Agreed?

gürrüldemek   v. to rumble, thunder, roar. Gök gurrüldeýär. It is thundering.

gürrüldili   adj. thunder, thunderous, stormy, wild. ~ el çarpyşmalar wild applause, loud cheers.

gürrüň   n. 1 • conversation, discussion, talk. gürrüň bermek to tell someone, narrate to someone. Gürrüň bersene. Please tell me! gürrüň etmek to converse, discuss, have a talk. gyzykly ~ an interesting talk. ~ açmak to begin to speak (about). ~i başga ýana sowmak to change the subject. ile ~ bolmak to be the subject of a talk.

2 • hearsay, rumour, common talk. ~ ýaýratmak to spread a rumour, set a rumour abroad. biderek gürrüň etmek to gossip, talk foolishly.

gep-gürrüň   n. talks, conversations. Sen ol barada ~ eşitdiňmi? Have you heard anything about her?

gürrüňdeş   n. interlocuter, a person somebody is talking to. Ol oňat ~ He is good company. ~ bolmak to have a talk.

gürrüňdeşlik   n. interview.

gürrüňsiz   adj. 1 • absolute, implicit, unquestioning. ~ boýun bolmak implicit obedience.

2 • absolutely, undoubtedly, there is no doubt that..., Sen , ~, mamla. You are absolutely right.

gürsüldi   n. beating. ýüregiň ~si heartbeat, throbbing.

gürüm-jürüm   adv. hidden. ~ bolmak to vanish, disappear, be missing, be lost. Nirä gürüm-jürüm bolduň? Where have you disappeared/vanished to? ~ etmek to hide, put, do (with).

güwä   n. witness. güwä geçmek to witness, testify (that something is true).

güwwüldemek   v. to buzz, roar, murmur, howl.

güwwüldi   n. roar, low rumble, murmur, howling. tolkunlaryň ~si roar of waves. deňziň ~si roar of the sea.

güýç   n. 1 • strength, power. Onuň guýjy etenok. He's not strong enough. ~ toplamak to gain strength.

2 • force. Täze kanun güýjüne girdi. A new law came into force.

3 • validity. 2004-nji ýyla çenli güýji bar valid until 2004.

Usage: military 3 • forces. harby-howa ~leri air forces. ýaragly ~ler armed forces.

Usage: physics 4 • force, power. agyrlyk güýji force of gravity.

güýçlendirmek   v. 1 • to intensify, increase, heighten, aggravate, amplify. sesini ~ to amplify the sound.

2 • to make stronger, strengthen.

güýçlenmek   v. to strengthen, gain in strength, gain in power.

güýçli   adj. 1 • strong, good, talented. Ol matematikadan ~ He is good at mathematics. ~ at strong horse.

2 • powerful, strong. ~ döwlet powerful state. Gudratygüýçli Almighty.

3 • strong, virulent, drastic, violent. ~ derman strong medicine.

4 • nourishing, nutritious. ~ nahar nutritious meal.

güýe   n. (clothes-)moth. ~ iýen moth-eaten.

güýmenje   n. amusement, fun, entertainment. ~ üçin for fun.

güýmenmek   v. 1 • to be amused, be occupied (with), be engaged (in). iş bilen ~ to be occupied with work.

2 • to stay too long, linger.

güýz   n. autumn.

güýzlük   adj. winter. ~ ekinler winter crops. ~ bugdaý winter wheat.

güzer   n. ford.

güzeran   [güzera:n] n. life, existence. ~ görmek to live, earn one's living, exist.

gybatkeş   [gy:batkeş] n. a gossip, somebody who gossips.

gybat etmek   [gy:bat etmek] v. gossip.

gygyrmak   v. 1 • to shout, cry. gaty ~ to cry/shout loudly.

2 • to call. Maňa kim gygyrdy? Who called me?

gygyryşmak   v. to shout, cry, or make a noise at each other. See: gygyrmak.

gyjak   n. three-stringed Turkmen violin. Category: music.

gyjakçy   n. a musician who plays gyjak, a violinist.

gyjalat   [gyja:lat] n. reproach, reproof, rebuke. ~ bermek to reproach (someone with). ~a goýmak to let someone down.

gyjyklamak   v. to tickle.

gyk   [gy:k] n. yell, scream of birds, cry. gyky-gykuw cock-a-doodle-doo. the sound a cock makes.

gygy ajamak   to become rude, become angry.

gygyny pürkmek   to be rude (to), insult.

gykylyk   [gy:kylyk] n. 1 • cry, shout, yell, scream, howl, noise, hubbub. adamlaryň gykylygy hubbub/noise of people. ~ turuzmak to make a noise.

2 • scandal, row. ~ turuzmak to make a row, kick up a row.

gyl   n. hair. inçe ~ thin hair.

~yň üstünde durmak   to hang by a thread.

gylyç   n. sword, scimitar.

gylyk   n. 1 • character, temper, disposition.

2 • habit. ýaramaz ~lar bad habits.

Öwrenilen ~ örkleseň hem durmaz.   A habit is second nature. Category: prov.

gylygy geň däl   having a bad intention. Onuň gylygynyň geň däldigigini aňdym. I understood that he had ill/bad intentions.

gylyk-häsiýet   *. ~i gowy adam good man, a man of good behaviour. See: gylyk; häsiýet.

gylýalçy   [gylýa:lçy] n. horse-breeder.

gymmat   adj. 1 • expensive, valuable. Bu örän ~. It is very expensive. ~ baha zatlar valuable things.

2 • cost, price, value, worth. goşmaça ~ surplus value. harydyň ~y value of the article.

gymmatbaha   precious (e.g. stones).

gymmatlamak   v. to rise in price, go up.

gymmatlatmak   v. to raise the price (of).

gymmatly   adj. expensive, costly, valuable. Siziň maslahatyňyz meniň üçin örän ~dyr. I value/appreciate your advice.

gymyldamak   v. to move, stir. gymyldaman oturmak to sit without stirring.

gyn   [gy:n] n. scabbard, sheath. gylyjyň ~y sword sheath. ~yna salmak to sheathe (a sword). ~yndan çykarmak to unsheathe (a sword).

gynamak   [gy:namak] v. to torture, torment, put on the rack (idiom).

gynanç   [gy:nanç] n. sorrow, regret, condolence, grief. ~ bilen with deep regret. çuň ~ deep regret. ~ bildirmek to condole with something, present one's condolences to someone.

gynanmak   v. 1 • to be sorry, grieve. gynansam-da unfortunately.

2 • to regret.

gyňaç   [gy:ňaç] n. gingach. headscarf worn by married Turkmen women.

gyra   n. 1 • edge, kerb.

2 • coast, shore, bank. deňziň ~sy seashore.

gyradan   [gyrada:n] n. lamp stand.

gyradeň   adv. equally, smoothly. ~ kesmek to cut smoothly.

gyraň   n. 1 • angle.

2 • side.

gyrat   [gyra:t] adj. on a level (with), level (with), flush (with). ~ goýmak to put something on a level with (something else). Ol oty ýere gyrat goýup gowy orýar. He is good at mowing grass on a level with the ground.

gyrgy   n. sparrow-hawk. Category: zool.

gyrgyn   n. mass death, total destruction. ~ degmek to die (in large numbers), be wiped out. ~a salmak to kill, destroy, annihilate, wipe out.

gyrgyz   n. Kirghiz. Category: geogr. men ~ I am a Kirghiz. ~ dili Kirghiz, the Kirghiz language. Category: language.

Gyrgyzystan   [Gyrgyzysta:n] n. Kyrgystan. Category: geogr.

gyrkmak   v. to cut, shave, prune, cut back, shear.

gyrkymçy   n. shearer, one who shears.

gyrmak1   v. 1 • to grate. gyrgyç bilen ~ to grate.

2 • to scrape. tagtany pyçak bilen ~ to scrape a board with a knife.

3 • to tear. ýüpi ~ to tear the rope.

gyrmak2   v. to destroy, exterminate, kill. möjekler ~ to kill wolves. duşmany ~ to annihilate the enemy. Ot ähli zady gyrdy. The fire has destroyed everything.

gyrmyzy   adj. red, ruddy. ~ ýaglyk red headscarf. ~ reňk red colour.

gyrnak   n. Usage: female slave, servant girl.

gyrpmak   v. to wink.

gyrylmak   v. Usage: people, animals to be killed, be exterminated. Şäherdäki ýehudylaryň bir topary sürgün edilýär, beýleki bir bölegi bolsa gyrylýar.. One group of the Jews in the city was exiled and another was exterminated.

Gyrylmyş!   Damn!

gyrymsy   adj. undersized, shortish, short. ~ ösümlik shrub. ~ agaçlar bushes.

gysdyryjy   adj. boring. ýürek ~ boring, tedious, tiresome, irksome. ýürek ~ gürrüň boring conversation.

gysga   [gy:sga] adj. short. ~ boýly adam dumpy/tubby person.

eli ~   poor.

dili ~   guilty.

gysgaltmak   [gy:sgaltmak] v. 1 • to shorten, reduce. gysgaldylan goşma söz abbreviation.

2 • to abridge (a novel).

gysganç   adj. miserly, greedy, avaricious.

gysganmak   v. to be sparing (of), scant, stint, skimp (in), grudge, be unwilling to do sth. sözüňi ~ to be sparing of one's words, be unwilling to speak.

gysmak   v. 1 • to sqeeze, compress, press, clench. dişiňi ~ to clench one's teeth. ýumrugyňy ~ to clench one's fist. elini ~ to shake someone by hand. egnini ~ to shrug one's shoulders. Ol jogap bermegiň ýerine egnini gysdy. He shrugged off the question.

2 • to press, clasp. çagany gujagyňa ~ to clasp/press the child to one's breast/bosom.

3 • to pinch, hurt, be too tight. Köwüş aýagymy gysýar. (My) shoes are too tight.

ýürek gysmak   to be homesick, to miss.

içiň gysmak   Lit: your insides get tight to be bored.

gysmyljyramak   v. to press oneself (to), snuggle up (to), cuddle up (to), nestle up (to).

gyssag   adj. urgent, pressing. ~ iş pressing business, urgent matter.

gyssagly   adj. urgent, pressing. ~ telegramma express telegram. ~ hat express letter. ~ ugramak to depart quickly, set off quickly/hurriedly.

gyssamak   v. 1 • to hurry someone, hasten, make someone hurry.

2 • to put pressure (on), drive someone into a corner. Biz ony gyssap başlanymyzda ol hemme zady aýtdy. When we began to put pressure on him he told everything.

gyssanmak   v. to be in a hurry, hurry, hasten. işe ~ to hurry to the work. Ol örän gyssanýar He is in a great hurry. Gyssanyň! Hurry up!

gysylmak   v. 1 • to be squeezed, be pressed, be compressed, be clenched.

2 • to clasp oneself, press oneself. diwara ~ to hug oneself to the wall.

3 • to worry, lose courage. Gysylma, hemme zat oňat bolar. Don't worry, everything will be all right.

gysym   n. 1 • palm, cupped hand.

2 • handful. bir ~ duz one handful of salt.

bir ~ bolmak   to become shrunken.

~ynda saklamak   to hold/have someone (well) in one's hand, have someoneunder one's thumb.

gysynjaň   adj. shy, inhibited. ~ adam shy person.

gyş   n. winter. gyşky gawun winter melon. a melon that can be kept well into the winter. ~a çydamly keeps well in winter. ~da in winter. ~yna during winter.

gyşarmak   [gy:şarmak] v. 1 • to become crooked, to distort.

2 • to lie down. Ol ýarym sagatlyk gyşardy. He lay down for half an hour.

gyşlamak   v. to winter, pass/spend the winter, hibernate.

gyşyk   [gy:şyk] adj. crooked, curved; uneven. ~ çyzyk curved line.

gyt   adj. rare, scarce, uncommom, in short supply. ~ kitap rare book. ~ harytlap scarce goods.

gytak   [gy:tak] *. squint, a sidelong glance. gözüň gytagyny aýlamak to have a squint, look sideways.

gytçylyk   n. shortage, deficiency. ýangyjyň gytçylygy fuel shortage. ~ çekmek to be in want, be in need (of).

gyýak   n. couch-grass.

gyýmak   v. to cut, cut with scissors. gaýçy bilen kagyz ~ to cut paper with scissors.

nika ~   to go through a wedding ceremony, say one's marriage vows.

gözi gyýmaýar.   he's unwilling/loath (to do something).

ýüregi gyýmaýar   he's not willing, doesn't want to.

gyz   [gy:z] n. 1 • girl. ~ gözelligi girl's beauty.

2 • daughter. ~ çykarmak to give one's daughter in marriage to someone.

gelin-gyz   n. young ladies and girls. obanyň ~lary young women and girls of the village.

gyz-oglan   [gy:z-oglan] n. children, youth, young people.

gyzarmak   v. 1 • to become red, redden. Pomidorlar gyzarypdyr. The tomatoes became red.

2 • to flush, turn red in the face, blush. utanjyňdan ~ to blush with shame. ýüzüň ~ to turn red in the face.

3 • to shine red. Gün gyzaryp görünýär. The sun shines red.

4 • to be/get angry. erliksiz ~ to be/get angry for nothing.

gyzdyrmak   v. 1 • to heat up, warm up. suw ~ to warm up water.

2 • to heat. otagy ~ to heat the room.

3 • to incandesce. çym-gyzyl bolýança ~ to make red-hot. çym-ak bolýança ~ to make white-hot.

4 • to have a temperature. Ol gyzdyrýar. He has a temperature.

gyzgyn   n. fever, temperature. Onuň ~y ýokary. He has a high temperature.

adj. hot.

gyzjagaz   n. little girl.

gyzlyk   [gy:zlyk] n. 1 • youth (re. girl). ~ döwri childhood (re. girl).

2 • virginity.

gyzmak   v. 1 • to warm up. Ýer gyzypdyr. The soil warmed up. Tamdyra gyzanda ýap. Strike while the iron is hot. Category: prov.

2 • to be carried away, be keen (on). oýna ~ to be carried away the play.

3 • to be in full swing, to hot up. Iş gyzdy. Things at work are hotting up.

4 • to get angry, get excited, fly into a passion. gany ~ to get angry, fly into a passion.

gyzyk   adv. interest; pleasure. Gyzygy ýok. It is not interesting. ~ adam an interesting person. See: gyzykly.

gyzyklandyrmak   v. to interest someone in something.

gyzyklanmak   v. to be interested (in), be carried away (about something). Şu meselä seniň garaýşyň meni gyzyklandyrýar. Your opinion on this issue interests me. Men Magtymgulynyň döredijiligi bilen gyzyklanýaryn. I'm interested in Magtymguly's works.

gyzykly   adj. interesting, fascinating, enjoyable. ~ gürrüň an interesting conversation. ~ syýahat a fascinating journey. ~ toý an enjoyable wedding.

gyzyl   n. gold. ~ känleri gold-fields, gold-mines. ~ sagat gold watch. ~ çaýylan gilded, gilt. ~ ýaly as good as gold. Bu gyzyl ýaly ýigitdir. The lad is as good as gold.

~ ýumruga girmek   to come to blows, start a fist fight.

gyzyşmak   v. 1 • to get warm (gradually), warm oneself. Ellerim birneme gyzyşdy. My hands got a bit warmer. ~ üçin işlemek to work to warm o.s. up.

2 • to be in full swing, flare up. Iş gyzyşdy. Work is in full swing,

3 • to be carried away (about something). gürrüňe ~ to be carried away by the conversation.