TÜRKMEN DÜŞÜNDIRIŞ SÖZLÜGY

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Ý - ý

ýa1   conj. or. Bu çaýmy ýa kofe? Is it tea or coffee? ýa... ýa either...or. ýa... ýa-da either... or.

ýa2   interj. oh!

ýabak   [ýa:bak] n. pitchfork.

ýabany   [ýa:bany] adj. Usage: animate wild. ~ haýwanlar wild animals. ~ pişik wild cat. ~ ösümlik wild plant. Ýabany kirpi gorananda, tikenleri bilen atýar. Ýabany üzüm turşy tagamy we görnişi bilen ýöne üzümden tapawutlanýar. Ýabany çolde örän gorkuly, otaýda her-hili zäherli ýylan kän.

ýabanylyk   [ýa:banylyk] n. wildness.

ýaby   n. horse.

ýa-da   [ýa:-da] conj. or, or else. azatlyk ~ ölüm freedom or death. ýa... ýa-da either... or. Dynç alyş güni ýa kino giderin, ýa-da teatra! On Sunday I'm either going to the cinema or to the theatre.

ýadamak   v. to be tired, get tired. Men köp işläp ýadadym. I've worked hard and got tired. ýöräp ~ to get tired of walking. garaşyp ~ to get tired of waiting.

ýadatmak   [ýa:datmak] v. Usage: person or object to wear out. gözleriňi ~ to wear out one's eyes. Ol meni öz soraglary bilen ýadatdy. He wore me out with his questions. See: ýadamak.

ýadaw   [ýa:daw] adj. tired, weary. Pagta ýygyp, ýadaw gyz, çaý başyna oturdy. Ýükli ýadaw eşek, haýal ýöräp barýar. Utan sportsmen ýadaw bolsada örän şatdy. ~ keşp tired appearance.

adv. Garry mama dem alyşyndan ýaman ýadaw görinýardi. ~ görünmek to look tired, look worn out.

ýadawlyk   [ýa:dawlyk] n. weariness, tiredness. ~ duýmak to feel tiredness (coming on).

ýadawsyz   [ýa:dawsyz] adj. tireless, indefatigable, unwearying. ~ zähmet çekmek to work tirelessly/indefatigably.

ýadygär   [ýa:dygär] n. 1 • keepsake, remembrance. ~ bermek to give as a keepsake.

2 • souvenir. ~ bermek to give a souvenir.

ýadygärlik   [ýa:dygärlik] n. 1 • as a keepsake, in order to remember. ~ kitap bermek to give somebody a book as a keepsake.

2 • memorial, monument. gadymy ~ler ancient monuments. kimdir birine ~ dikmek to erect a monument to somebody.

3 • antique, antiquity. arheologik ýadygärlikler archeological finds.

ýag   [ýa:g] n. 1 • oil. zeýtun ~y olive oil. maşyn ~y machine oil. pagta ~y cotton-seed oil. ~ zawody creamery.

2 • fat. guýruk ~y tail fat. goýun ~y sheep fat.

3 • oil, grease. ~ gaby oil-can.

~ ýaly   swimmingly, smoothly.

ýagdan gyl sogrulan ýaly etmek   to do something easily.

~y bilen   Usage: colloq brand spanking new.

ýagdaý   n. 1 • condition, state, situation. Syrkawyň ýagdaýy gün-günden oňatlaşýar. The patient is getting better day by day. Ýagdaýyň nähili? How are things? material ~ financial situation. adatdan daşary ~ state of emergency. ~lar gowulaşýar Conditions are improving.

2 • status, standing. maşgala ~y family status. sosial ~ social status.

3 • occasion, moment. amatly ~ right moment.

4 • opportunity, possibility. Kynçylygy basyp, ýagdaý döredýär... When difficulties arise, possibilities are created...

Usage: finances 5 • means, resources. ~ym ýok. I haven't got the means.

6 • atmosphere, environment. Duşuşyk dostlukly ~da geçdi. The meeting has passed in a friendly atmosphere.

ýagdyrmak   v. 1 • to irrigate, use the sprinkler. emeli ýagyş ~ to artificially irrigate.

2 • to throw, bombard, shower. daş ~ to throw stones. sorag ~ to bombard with questions. pul ~ to squander money. See: ýagmak.

ýaglamak   [ýa:glamak] v. to oil, grease, lubricate. tikin maşynyny ~ to lubricate a sewing-machine.

ýagly   [ýa:gly] adj. fatty, oily, greasy. ~ palaw greasy pilau. ~ saç greasy hair.

ýaglyk   n. scarf, headscarf. ýüň ~ shawl. kelläňe ~ daňmak to tie a headscarf on, to put a headscarf on.

garagaş ~   silk handkerchief.

ýagmak   v. 1 • to fall. Usage: precipitation Ýagyş ýagýar. It is raining. Ýagyş güýçli ýagýar. It is pouring. Gar ýagýar. It is snowing. Ýagyş bedreden guýulan ýaly ýagýar. It is raining cats and dogs. Doly ýagýar. It is hailing.

2 • to be thrown, to rain down, to be fired (at). Sorag ýagyp başlady. The questions were raining down.

ýagmyr   n. Usage: dial rain.

ýagmyrly   adj. rainy. ~ howa rainy weather.

ýagny   conj. that is (to say), to be exact. Men ol ýerde anna güni , ~ on bäşinji martda bolaryn. I'll be there on Friday, that is to say on the 15th of March.

ýagsyz   [ýa:gsyz] adj. lean. ~ et lean meat.

ýagşy   adj. good, well. Giç ~! Good evening! Gelen ~! Good evening! Reply to the above greeting. Ýolagçy ýolda ~ The traveller has to be on his way.

~ görmek   to prefer. Ol öz gelenini ~ gördi. He preferred to come himself.

bir-biriňi ~ görmek   to love each other.

interj. all right (then), okay. ~, men oýlanyp görerin. All right, I'll think about it.

ýagşylaşmak   v. to improve, to become better (gradually), to take a turn for the better. onuň ýagdaýy ýagşylaşdy his health has improved.

ýagşylyk   n. good, goodness, good deed. ~ etmek to be good to somebody. ol oňa köp ~ etdi he was very good to her. mundan ~ çykmaz no good will come of it. men saňa ~ isleýşrin I wish you well.

ýagşy-ýaman   n. good and bad deed. ýagşyny-ýamany görmek to see what is good and what is bad.

ýagşyzada   angel; kind.

ýagty   n. light, radiance. ~ saçmak to shine. günüň ~sy sunlight. çyranyň ~sy electric light. aýyň ~syna by moonlight. Gün ~ saçýar. The sun is shining. Onu ýüzi şatlykdan ýaa ~ saçýar. His face is radiant with joy.

adj. light, bright. ~ otag light room. Daşary ~ It is light outside.

~ dünýä   this world, the world of the living.

Ýatan ýeri ~ bolsun!   May he rest in peace!

ýagtygözin   [ýagtygözi:n] adj. before nightfall, before dark. ~ işleriňi gytarmak to finish one's work before dark.

ýagtylanmak   v. to brighten, become brighter, light up. onuň ýüzi ýagtylandy his face lit up.

ýagtylmak   v. to brighten, become brighter, lighten. howa ýagtylyp başlady the day is breaking.

ýagtylyk   n. 1 • light. günüň ýagtylygy sunlight, sunshine.

2 • brightness, illumination, lightness.

1 • ray, beam. günüň ýagtylygy sunlight, sunshine.

2 • brightness, cheerfulness.

3 • inspiration.

Usage: fig 4 • revelation, brightness, illumination, lightness.

ýagy   n. enemy, opponent. ~ çozmak for an enemy to attack.

ýagyn   n. precipitation; rain, hail, snow etc.

ýagyrny   n. back, shoulder.

ýagyş   n. rain. ~ ýagýar. It is raining. ~ çisňeýär. It is drizzling.

ýahna   n. yakhna. a cold boiled meat dish.

ýaka   n. 1 • collar, neckband. köýnegiň ~sy shirt collar. ~syndan tutmak to seize by the collar.

gül ýaka   large silver brooch.

2 • shore, bank, coast. deňiz ~sy seashore.

3 • side. ýoluň ~synda on the side of the road.

post. ~syna to. derýanyň ~syna barmak to go to the river. ~da at, near. Merw kenar ýakalarynda along the banks of the River Merv. ~synda by, near, along. ýabyň ~synda durmak to stand at the irrigation canal.

ýakdyrmak1   v. See: ýakmak1.

ýakdyrmak2   v. See: ýakmak2.

ýakmak1   v. 1 • to burn up. hapany ~ to burn rubbish.

2 • to burn down.

3 • to light, set light (to). ot ~ to light a fire, kindle a fire. Gabyrystanda ot ýakmak hem batyldyr. Lighting a flame is also not allowed in a graveyard.

4 • to sting, burn. Bu arak bogazyňy ýakýar. This vodka burns your throat.

5 • to switch on, turn on.

mallary suwa ýakmak   to water the animals.

Usage: fig 6 • to make suffer, hurt. Ýöne sen meni ýakma! Will you stop annoying me!

içini ~   to deliberately hurt.

janyňy ýakmak   to waste emotional energy (on).

ýakmak2   v. to water, to give to drink. mallary suwa ~ to water the animals.

ýakmak3   v. to like. göwnüňe ~ to like.

ýakylmak1   v. 1 • to be burned. ...otlar ýakylypdyr. ...fires were lit.

2 • to be switched on, be turned on.

ýakylmak2   v. Usage: animals to be watered. Mallar suwa ýakyldy. The animals were watered.

ýakym   n. enjoyment, pleasure.

ýakymly   adj. pleasant, nice. ~ owaz pleasant voice. Ertiriň ~ öwüsýän şemalyna bütin jandar şatlanyp seslenýärdi. The whole of creation made a joyful noise at the pleasant breeze of the approaching day. ahem. Ejemiň ýakymly hüwdi owazy integem ýadymda. Tokaýda ýakymly guşlaryň sesi eşdilýärdi. Tamdyr nanyň ýakymly isini alyp, agzym tükülikden doldy. Keteniň hemme reňkleri owadan, ýöne gülgüne reňk has göziňe ýakymly.

adv. Dutaryň owazy örän ýakymly ýaňlanýar - näçe diňlesemem doýamok.

ýakymsyz   adj. 1 • unpleasant, bad. ~ habar bad news. ~ gürrüňler unpleasant rumours.

2 • naughty, mischievous.

ýakyn   [ýaky:n] adj. 1 • near, not far, close. Usage: location, time Teatr bizden yakyn aralykda ýerleşýär. The theatre is not far away from us. ~ wagtda in the near future.

Usage: relationship 2 • close, intimate. Dogrusy olar manysy taýdan känbir tapawutlanmasa-da, salamlaşýanlaryň biri-birini ýakyn tanaýyşlaryna, dilleriniň çeperligine görä-de dürli-dürlüdir. If they twist the truth of their words here and there, their greetings to one another brings them close, their language skills brings variety.

Usage: relatives 2 • close, near, intimate. ~ garyndaş close relation.

ýakynlaşmak   [ýaky:nlaşmak] v. 1 • to approach, come up. şähere ~ to approach the town.

2 • to make friends with.

Usage: fig (about animals) 3 • to copulate, mate.

ýakynlyk   [ýaky:nlyk] n. 1 • nearness, closeness.

2 • close relation, friendship.

ýal   n. soup, broth, slops. ite ~ bermek to give a dog something to eat.

~ ýagysy   parasite, hanger-on, sponger, scrounger.

ýalak   n. bowl, feeding dish.

ýalamak   v. 1 • to lick. dodagyňy ~ to smack one's lips. pişik çagalaryny ýalady the cat licked it's kittens.

2 • to touch slightly. ok onuň kellesini ýalap geçdi the bullet touched his head slightly.

ýalan   n. lie.

adj. false, untrue, not true. ~ maglumat false information. ~ şaýat false witness.

ýalana çykarmak   to contradict, refute.

ýalançy1   n. liar, deceiver. baryp ýatan ~ compulsive liar.

ýalançy2   n. world. bu ~da in this world. ~ ýagtylanda at dawn, at daybreak.

ýalan-ýaşryk   fables; fables, cock-and-bull stories. See: ýalan. ~ sözler

ýalaňaç   adj. 1 • bare.

2 • barefooted.

3 • naked, nude, undressed. aýak ~ barefoot. ýarym ~ half-dressed.

4 • leafless. ~ agaç bare/leafless tree.

5 • naked.

6 • unfurnished, empty. ~ otag bare/empty room. ~ pol bare floor.

ýalaw   n. Usage: colloq searchlight, projector.

~ ýaly   very sharp.

ýalazy   adj. bare, treeless, barren. ~ sähra naked steppe.

ýalbarmak   v. to beg, plead. ýalbaryp soramak to entreat.

ýalbartmak   v. See: ýalbarmak.

ýalçy   adj. 1 • naked, bare. Usage: landscape, trees

2 • abrupt, steep, precipitous. ~ gaýa a steep cliff, an overhanging rock.

ýaldyramak   v. 1 • to shine, gleam, glitter, sparkle, twinkle. Onuň maňlaýynda gyzyl ýyldyz ýaldyrap dur. The gold star on her forehead sparkled.

2 • to radiate.

ýaldyrawuk   adj. shining, bright, sparkling, glittering. ~ gözler sparkling eyes. ~ ýyldyzlar shining stars.

ýaldyrbaş   n. oats. Category: bot.

ýalkamak   v. 1 • to pardon, spare.

2 • to bless. Ýalkaňaň ýaz, gargasaň gyş! Bless the spring, curse the winter!

Taňry ýalkasyn!   Lit: God bless you! Thank you very much!

ýalky   adj. single offspring. ýalky gyzlamak to give birth to a single offspring.

ýalmawuz   n. glutton.

ýalňyş   n. mistake, error. ~ karar wrong decision. ~ hereket etmek to make a mistake.

ýalňyşlyk   n. mistakenness, erroneousness; false step, blunder. ~ goýbermek to make a blunder, make a mistake.

ýalňyşmak   v. 1 • to make a mistake.

2 • to be mistaken (i.e., incorrect thinking). Nähili ýalňyşýaň! How wrong you are!

ýalňyz   [ýalňy:z] adj. 1 • only. Diňe ~ ýol galýar. There is only one way. ~ ogluň your only son.

2 • single, unmarried, alone.

3 • widowed.

ýalňyzlyk   [ýalňy:zlyk] n. solitude, loneliness.

ýalp   n. flash. ~ etmek to flash. ýyldyrym ~ etdi the lightning flashed.

ýalpak   adj. 1 • shallow. ~ derýa shallow river.

2 • carelessly. Mekgejöweniň tohumlaryny gaty ~ ekmeli däl! You shouldn't plant grain too carelessly.

ýalpyldamak   v. to shine, make shine. Ol ýalpyldap köçä çykdy. As she went out she radiated [beauty]. See: ýaldyramak.

ýalta   n. lazy person, lazy-bones. ~ bolmak to be lazy.

ýaltalyk   n. laziness, idleness, indolence. ~ duümak to feel lazy (to do. something).

ýaltanmak   v. to be lazy, idle. bir ýere gitmäge ~ to be lazy to go somewhere.

ýaly   [ýa:ly] post. 1 • like, similar (to). seniň ~ like you.

2 • as if.

3 • (as)...as. goýun ~ ýuwaş quiet/meek as a lamb.

4 • so (that). döwilmez ~ so that it won't break. diyen ýaly approximately, roughly.

ýalyn   n. flame.

iki ýalnyň arasynda galmak   to be in two minds.

ýalynmak   v. to flatter.

ýama   n. Usage: clothing patch. ~ salmak to patch.

ýaman   adj. 1 • terrible, awful, dreadful. ~ adam an awful person. ~ iş dreadful work. ~ habar bad news. ~ howa terrible weather. özüňi ~ duýmak to feel awful, to be down. Ol ýaman erbet adam. He's a terribly bad man.

2 • very, really. ~ oňat very good. Kelläm ~ agyrýar. My head really hurts.

~ ada goýmak   to disgrace, defame.

~ görmek   to hate.

~ öwrenmek   to get into a bad habit. Ol sögünmegi ýaman öwrenipdir. He has got into the habit of swearing. Ýaman bolup, ýagşylygy unudan - Öz yzzatyn gidir, itden har bolar. If you forget the good things when bad things happen - you will lose respect for yourself, and you will go from being a dog to a donkey. Süýthorlugyň iň ýamany bir musulmanyň abraýyny dökmekdir. Money lending loses respect among the worst Muslim.

ýamanlamak   v. to slander, calumniate, blacken, to libel. yzyndan ýamanlap ýörmek to slander someone behind his back.

ýamanlanmak   v. to be slandered, be blackened.

ýamanlaşmak   v. 1 •  See: ýamanlamak.

2 • to become worse (gradually), worsen, deteriorate. syrkawyň ýagdaýy gün-günden ýamanlaşýardy the health of a patient was becoming worse day by day.

ýamanlyk   n. harm, evil. birine ~ etmek to do somebody harm. Men saňa näme ~ etdim? What harm have I done you? ýagşylyga ~ bilen jogap bermek to repay good with evil.

ýan   [ýa:n] post. side, beside, near, next to, with. ýanyma to me. Meniň ýanyma gelaý. Please, come to me. Men onuň ýanyna barjak. I will go up to him. ýanynda next to him/her/it, with him/her/it (location). Onyň ýanynda duran kim? Who is the person standing next to her?

~ ýoldaş   spouse; husband, wife.

Ýasy ýanyň ýerde bolsun!   Don't worry about it!

n. side. ...güzeriň iki ~ kenaranda... ...on the banks of both sides of the ford...

post. 1 • beside, near, next to. Usage: location ýanynda next to him/her/it, with him/her/it. Onyň ýanynda duran kim? Who is the person standing next to her?

Usage: direction 2 • to. Meniň ýanyma gelaý. Please, come to me. Men onuň ýanyna barjak. I will go up to him.

~ bermek   a) to give in b) to come in to dock.

~ ýoldaş   spouse.

Ýasy ýanyň ýerde bolsun!   Don't worry about it!

ýanalmak   [ýa:nalmak] v. 1 • to be leaned (agaist), be rested (against).

2 • for a baby to be breast-fed.

ýanamak   [ýa:namak] v. 1 • to lean (against), rest (against).

2 • to feed; to breast-feed a baby (whilst lying on one's side).

ýanaşmak   [ýa:naşmak] v. 1 • to touch. Maňa ýanaşma! Don't touch me!

2 • to be friends with. Ol ýanaşjak adamsyny bilip ýanaşar. He knows how to make friends with people.

3 • to have sex. Agyz beklenýän gijeler size aýallaryňyza yanaşmak ygtyýar edilýär. During the nights of fasting it is permitted for you to have sex with your wife.

ýanaşyk   [ýa:naşyk] adj. next (to), nearby, close by. ~ öý house next door. ~ otag next room. ~ oturmak to sit next to.

ýanbaş   [ýa:nbaş] n. Usage: anatomy side. Meýidi sag ýanbaşyna ýatyryp ýüzüni kybla goýarlar. They lay the corpse on its right side and facing the south-west.

ýanbukja   n. suitcase, case, briefcase.

ýandak   n. thorn, prickle. Category: bot.

ýangyç   n. Usage: oil, petrol fuel.

ýangyn   n. fire, conflagration. ~y söndürmek to put out a fire, extinguish a fire.

ýanhabar   n. Usage: from reporter report, account, piece of reporting.

ýanmak   v. 1 • to burn, be on fire. Öý ýanýar. The house is on fire. ýanyp başlamak to catch fire, to begin to burn.

2 • to burn, be on. Olaryň otagynda çyralar ýanýardy. The lights were burning in their room. Peç ýanýarny? Is the cooker on?

3 • to get sunburnt. güne ~ to get sunburnt.

4 • to blaze (with), burn (with). Onuň gözleri gahardan ýaňa ýanýardy. His eyes blazed with anger.

5 • to glitter, shine. Onuň gözleri ýanyp dur. Her eyes are shining.

6 • to suffer.

7 • to become rotten, ferment, become fermented, become decayed. Ders ýanypdyr. The manure has rotted.

ýoguna ~   to kill, annihilate.

biriniň yşkyna ~   to be in love with somebody.

ýanwar   n. January. See: Türkmenbaşy.

ýanyn   [ýa:ny:n] adj. sideways. ~ ýöremek to sidle. ~ ýatmak to lie on one's side.

ýanynda   by the side. See: ýan.

ýanyşmak   [ýa:nyşmak] v. Usage: sexual relations to get friendly with, get close to.

ýaň   n. echo.

ýaňa   [ýaňa:] post. 1 • to. Ol bir ~ gitdi. He went somewhere.

2 • with, because of. şatlykdan ~ with joy. Muradyň sesi gahardan ~ sandyrap gitdi. Murad's voice shook with anger.

ýaňadan   [ýaňada:n] adj. again, anew. ~ seredip çykmak to revise, to go over again, to review.

ýaňak   n. cheek. al ~lar rosy cheeks. al ~ly gyz rosy-cheeked girl, , pink-cheeked girl.

ýaňky   adj. 1 • that, the aforementioned. Usage: singular Tüweleý turýar we bir salymda ýaňky guýy gömülýar. A tornado got up and in a moment that sheep was covered (in sand).

Usage: plural 2 • those, the aforementioned. ~ gelen adamlar nirä gitdi? Where's he gone, the men who just came?

ýaňlanmak   v. 1 • to be heard, to ring (out), echo. Tüpeň sesi ýaňlandy. The shot rang out. Ses uzakdan ýaňlanýardy. Voices could be heard in the distance.

2 • to sound. Bu mukam gaýgyly ýaňlanýar. This music sounds sad.

ýaňra   adj. talkative, garrulous.

ýaňsy   n. irony, mockery, ridicule. ýaňsa almak to mock, speak ironically (about).

ýaňy   adv. 1 • just (now), a little while ago, only just. Ol ~ ukudan turdy. He has just woken up.

2 • only, in all; up to now. Biziň Aşgabatdan ugralymyz ~ iki ýarym sagat bolupdyr. It must only be two and a half hours since we left Ashgabat.

3 • barely, hardly, just, only just. Oglum Sergeyiň şol wagt ~ 18 ýaşy bardy. At that time my son Sergei was barely 18 years old.

ýaňyja   adv. ol ýaňyja jaň etdi he has just rung. See: ýaňy.

ýaňy-ýakynda   [ýaňy-ýaky:nda] adv. recently, lately. men ol habary ~ eşitdim I recently heard about that.

ýaňzytmak   v. to hint (at), allude (to), let (someone) know.

ýap   [ýa:p] n. irrigation canal, drainage ditch. suwly ~ a ditch with water. ~ gazmak to dig a ditch.

ýapaşak   [ýapaşa:k] n. slope, incline. ~dan aşak düşmek to slope down, to come down the slope.

ýapgyt   n. slope, rise.

ýapja   adj. dependent. ~ adam dependent person.

ýapjalyk   n. dependence. ~ etmek to be dependent (on).

ýaplanmak   v. to lean, rest (against). gapa ýaplanyp dyrmak to lean against a door.

ýapmak   v. 1 • to close, shut. gapyny ~ to close the door.

2 • to cover. ýüzüni ~ to cover one's face. gapagyny ~ to put a lid on.

3 • to bake. çörek ~ to bake bread.

4 • to close down, shut down. zawody ~ to liquidate a plant.

5 • to close, finish. ýygnagy ~ to close a meeting.

Tamdyra gyzanda ýap.   Lit: Make bread while the oven is hot. Strike while the iron is hot.

gol ~   to help, support.

ýapon   n. Japanese. Category: geogr. ~ gyzy Japanese girl. ~ça in Japanese. ~ dili Japanese, the Japanese language. Category: language.

ýaprak   n. 1 • leaf.

2 • yaprak. silver decoration in the shape of a leaf worn by girls and women.

ýapy1   n. hill. ýapa çykmak to go up the hill, ascend the hill.

ýapy2   n. 1 • shawl, bedspread, counterpane, coverlet.

2 • lid, cover.

3 • drug (put on the wound).

ýapyk   adj. 1 • closed, shut. ~ mejlis closed meeting.

2 • locked. ~ gapy locked door.

3 • roofed, covered. ~ furgon roofed van. Usage: grammar

~ bogun   closed syllable.

ýapylmak   v. 1 • to be closed, be shut. Dükanlar eýýam ýapyldy. The shops have already been closed.

2 • to be covered, be roofed. Jaýyň üsti ýapyldy. The house was roofed.

3 • to be baked. Tamdyrda çörek ýapylýarka... When bread is baked in a tamdyr...

4 • be closed down, shut down. Şäherdäki ownuk dükanlar ýapyldy. The little shops in town were closed down.

5 • to be closed, be finished. Ýygnak ýapyldy. The meeting was closed.

günä ~   to be accused (of).

ýapynja   n. 1 • cloak, cape, tippet, manlet. egniňe ~ almak to put a cloak on one's shoulder.

2 • shawl. ~ atynmak to cover one's head with a shawl.

Usage: tent 3 • flap.

4 • blanket.

ýapyşalga   n. handrail, bannister.

ýapyşmak   v. 1 • to grasp, hold on (to), grip, catch hold (of). ýüpe ~ to hold on the rope, hold the rope.

2 • to stick (to), be glued/pasted (to). Marka bukja ýapyşdy. The stamp stuck to the envelope.

3 • to undertake, start, take up, set about. işe yhlasly ~ to set about work wholeheartedly.

4 •  See: ýapmak.

ýar   [ýa:r] n. dear, beloved. söýgüli ~ lover, great love. Ýaryndan aýrylan ýedi ýyl aglar, ýurdundan aýrylan ölinçä aglar. To be separated from a loved one is seven years of tears, but to be separated from your homeland is an eternity of tears.

ýara   n. 1 • wound, injury. howply ~ serious wound. ok ~sy bullet wound. ~nyň simlemegi wound inflammation. ~ salmak to wound, injure.

2 • wound. köne ~ny gozgamak to re-open an old wound.

~syna duz sepmek   to rub salt into the wound.

Ýaradan   n. 1 • God.

2 • Creator.

ýaradar   [ýarada:r] n. Usage: religious The Creator, God.

ýaradylmak   v. 1 • to be founded, be established, be set up. Usage: inanimate

Usage: animate 2 • to be created. Rowaýatlara görä, perişdeler ýatylykdan ýaradylanmyş. According to legend, angels were created out of light.

ýarag   n. 1 • weapon, arms. sowuk ~ cold steel. ~ ussasy gunsmith, armourer. ýadro ~y nuclear weapons. ~a ýapyşmak to take up arms. ~y taşlamak to lay down arms.

2 • equipment, tool, instrument.

ýaragly   adj. armed. ~ güýçler armed forces. ~ gozgalaň armed revolt/rising. dişine çenli ~ armed to the teeth.

ýaragsyzlanmak   v. to disarm oneself, be disarmed.

ýaralamak   v. to wound, injure. aýagyndan ~ to wound in the leg.

ýüregini ~   to wound one's heart, pain one's feelings, give spiritual wounds.

ýaraly   adj. wounded, injured. ýeňil ~ slightly wounded.

ýüregi ~   

ýaramak   v. 1 • to like, be fond of. Bu kitap maňa ýaraýar. I like this book. Ol meniň göwnüme ýaraýar. I'm very fond of it.

2 • to be fit (for), serve, do (for). Maňa bolsa edil alçaly ýag ýaly ýaraýar. This work suits me just like damson oil. Bu kagyz hiç zada ýaramaýar. This paper will not do (at all).

3 • to be good for. Oňa diňe gaýnadýlan tüwi ýaraýar. Only boiled rice is good for his health.

Usage: negative use 4 • to be healthy. Ol ýaranok. She's doesn't feel well.

ýaramaz   adj. worthless; unwell. ~ adam worthless man. ~ howa unpleasant/awful weather. Onuň işleri ~ What he does isn't helpful.

ýaramazlaşmak   v. to worsen, become worse, deteriorate, take a turn for the worse. syrkawyň ýagdaýy ýaramazlaşdy the health of a patient has become worse. hili ýaramazlaşdy the quaility has deteriorated. gatnaşyklar ýaramazlaşdy the relations have become worse.

ýaramazlyk   n. 1 • bad behaviour.

2 • unfitness, uselessness, ineligibility. işe ~ unfitness to the work. bahalarymyň ýaramazlygy sebäpli uniýersitete okuwa girip bilmedim as I had bad marks I couldn't enter the University.

3 • unpleasantness. howanyň ýaramazlygy unpleasantness of the weather.

ýaramly   adj. 1 • suitable, appropriate, good (for), fit (for).

2 • useful. ~ içgiler useful drinks.

3 • pleasant. ~ howa pleasant weather.

ýaran   [ýa:ra:n] n. supporter, adherent, advocate, ally, companion. özüňe ~ edinmek to become friends (with). ýamana ~ bolma don't be friends with bad people.

ýaranjaň   n. flatterer, sycophant.

ýaranjaňlyk   n. flattery; bootlicking, grovelling. ~ etmek to toady, behave servilely to; fawn upon.

ýaranmak   v. 1 • to please. oňa ~ kyn It is difficult to please him.

2 • to toady, behave servilely to; flatter.

ýaraşdyrmak   v. to reconcile. See: ýaraşmak.

ýaraşmak1   v. to make peace (with), come to an understanding, be reconciled (with).

ýaraşmak2   v. to suit, fit, do (for). geýen geýimi oňa ýaraşyp dur whatever he wears suits him very well.

ýaraşyk   n. 1 • peace.

2 • armistice, truce. ~ baglaşmak to conclude an armistice.

ýaratmak   v. 1 • to create, make.

2 • to use, to make use (of). Bankany zyňmaň, tomus, [peýdany] zada ýaradarn. Don't throw the jar away, this summer I can make good use of it (for canning).

ýardam   [ýa:rdam] n. help, support, assistance. ~ etmek to help, support. ~ bermek to give help, provide support.

ýarlyk   [ýar'lyk] n. label, tag.

ýarma   [ýa:rma] n. chaff. ~ tüwi rice chaff.

ýarmak   [ýa:rmak] v. 1 • to crack. Täzeçe ýumurtgany ýarmaly. You have to crack a fresh egg.

2 • to slit open, to cut open. gawun ~ to cut open a melon.

3 • to blow up. köprini ~ to blow up a bridge.

4 • to bite. Meni it ýardy. The dog has bitten me.

5 • to break in. öý ~ to break into a house.

6 • to puncture. Çüý maşynyň tigirini ýardy. The nail punctured the tyre.

7 • to make a hole in. diwary ~ to make a hole in a wall.

bagty daş ~   to have luck with.

ýüregini ~   to frighten.

dil ~   to speak up, enter the conversation.

ýarpy   [ýa:rpy] n. half. ~ bahasy half price. ~ bahasyna almak to buy at half price.

ýarty   [ýa:rty] n. half. ~ çörek half of the bread.

ýary   [ýa:ry] n. half. ~ gije midnight. sagat onuň ~ It is half past nine. ~syny bermek to give somebody half of something.

ýaryk   [ýa:ryk] n. crack, split, cleft, crevice. ~ atmak to crack, split. ~ gawun cracked melon.

ýarylmak   [ýa:rylmak] v. 1 • to be cracked.

2 • to be split, be cut. Pürs iki ýaryldy. The log was split in two.

3 • to explode, blow up.

4 • to be broken into. Dükan ýarylypdyr. The shop was broken into.

5 • to be punctured, to get a puncture.

zähresi ~   to be frightened (of).

ýarylaýjak bolmak   to be about to explode (with anger).

ýarym   [ýa:rym] n. Usage: indeclinable half. Maňa ýarym kilo bersene. Please give me half a kilo. bir ýarym kilo one and a half kilos. Men saňa bir ~ sagat garaşdym. I waited for you for one and a half hours.

~ ýalaňaç   stripped to the waist.

~ ýaş bolmak   to shed a few tears.

~ ada   peninsula.

ýaryş   [ýa:ryş] n. 1 • struggle.

2 • competition, contest, match. ~a çagyrmak to challenge to competition. kubok ugrunda ~ cup competition. basketbol boýünça ~ basketball match. ~yň şertleri terms of contest.

ýaryşmak   [ýa:ryşmak] v. to compete (with in), contend (with for). ýüzmekde ~ to take part in a swimming contest. ylgamakda ~ to take part in a race.

ýas   [ýa:s] n. mourning, funeral. ~ tutmak to grieve, mourn.

ýasalmak   v. 1 • to be made, be sput together. Adamiň iň gerekli agzalary (el, aýak, göz, gulak) jübüt-jübütden ýasalypdyr. Mans most necessary organs (the arm, leg, eye, ear) were made in pairs.

Usage: grammar 2 • to be formed.

ýasama   adj. artificial, synthetic, man-made. ~ bezegler artificial decorations.

ýasamak   v. 1 • to put together, assemble. Ol maşynyň detallaryny stanokda ýasady. He put the parts of the car together on the workbench.

2 • to build.

Usage: grammar 3 • to form. işlikden at ~ to form a noun from a verb.

ýelk ~   He rushed to the village. Ol oba tarap ýelk ýasady.

ýasawul   n. messenger.

ýasli   ['ýasli] n. nursery school, kindergarten.

ýassanmak   v. to recline, lean on (e.g., pillow, cushion).

ýassy   adj. evening. ~ namazy evening prayer. Usage: religious ~ namazyny okamak to say an evening prayer.

ýassyk   n. 1 • pillow. Usage: sleeping ýelek ~ downy pillow. ~ daşy pillow case.

Usage: sitting 2 • cushion.

ölüm ýassygymda ýatmak   to be on one's death-bed.

ýassykdaş   n. Usage: colloq spouse; marriage partner.

ýasy   adj. falt, plane. ~ daban flat foot.

ýaş1   [ýa:ş] n. 1 • age. orta ~ly middle-aged.

Usage: with specific number 2 • year(s) old. Ol dört ýaşynda. She's four years old.

adj. Usage: people young. ~ ýigit young man. Ol menden ~ She is younger than me.

ýaş-ýeleň   [ýa:ş-ýeleň] n. youth, young people.

ýaş2   [ýa:ş] n. tear. bir damja ~ tear drop. Ol gözüňe ~ aýlady. Tears welled up in his eyes.

ýaş3   [ýa:ş] n. Usage: onions, potatoes, garlic, etc. stalk and leaf. soganyň ~y a spring onion's stalk.

ýaşamak   [ýa:şamak] v. to live. Sen haýsy şäherde ýaşaýarsyň? Which town do you live in? ýaşap ýörmek to go on living. uzak ~ to live long. şadyýan ~ to have a good time, live well. agyr durmuşda ~ to live a hand to mouth existence.

Ýaşa!   Well done!

ýaşaşmak   [ýa:şaşmak] v. to live together.

ýaşaýyş   [ýa:şaýyş] n. life, way of life. ~ şertleri living conditions. ~ jaý accommodation, house, dwelling.

ýaşdaş   [ýa:şdaş] adj. of the same age.

ýaşik   ['ýaşik] n. 1 • box. poçta ýaşigi letter-box. See: gutysy.

Usage: rubbish 2 • bin. See: gapyrjak.

3 • drawer. See: çeker.

ýaşlyk   [ýa:şlyk] n. youth, youthfulness. meniň ~ ýyllarym the days of my youth.

ýaşmak1   v. to set. Gün ýaşdy. The sun has set.

ýaşmak2   v. to cover, shade. günden ýaşamak to shade oneself from the sun.

n. shutter.

ýaşmak3   n. yashmak, veil. either describes the whole veil, or the held in the corner of a married woman's mouth.

ýaşululyk   [ýa:şululyk] n. seniority.

ýaşuly   [ýa:şuly] n. 1 • old man.

2 • elder. ~lar maslahaty Council of Elders.

ýaşyl   [ýa:şyl] adj. green. ~ reňk green colour.

ýaşynda   aged, at the age of. See: ýaş.

ýaşynmak   v. 1 • to put on a veil, cover oneself up, be veiled. Gelinler ýaşynmaly. Brides have to be veiled.

2 • to hide, conceal. Ol şkafda ýaşyndy. He hid in the cupboard. derruw ýaşynmak to conceal one's mouth with one's scarf (women).

ýaşyrmak   v. to hide, conceal. aýbyňy ~ to conceal one's shortcomings.

ýat1   [ýa:t] n. memory, mind.

ýada düşmek   to remember, come to mind. Ýadyma düşdi. I remembered.

ýatda saklamak   to remember. Meniň sözlerimi ýadyňda sakla! Remember my words!

~dan çykmak   to forget. Men turkmençe goşgynyň ýat tutdym. I've memorised some Turkmen poems.

~dan çykarmak   Lit: to make go out of your mind to forget.

~ tutmak   to memorise.

ýat2   [ýa:t] n. 1 • stranger, outsider. Çaýhanada ~ adam hem bardy. There were strangers in the cafe as well.

2 • strange, foreign. Tilki üçin maşyn elbetde, ýatdy. Of course the fox found the car rather strange.

ýatak1   n. barn, shed, stable. mal ýatagy shed for livestock. sygyr ýatagy cowshed. at ýatagy stable. goýun ýatagy sheepfold, sheep pen. it ýatagy kennel.

ýatak2   n. sleepwalker.

ýatakhana   [ýatakha:na] n. 1 • hostel, dormitory. ~da ýaşamak to live in a hostel.

Usage: students 2 • digs. Usage: colloq

ýatakjaý   [ýatakja:ý] n. accommodation. ýatakjaý bermek to accommodate (someone), put (someone) up.

ýatgy   n. Usage: anatomy womb.

ýatkeş   [ýa:tkeş] adj. possessing a good memory, with a good memory. ~ bolmak to have a good memory.

ýatlama   [ýa:tlama] n. 1 • recollection, memories.

2 • biography, (commemorative) booklet.

Usage: written 3 • note, memo.

ýatlamak   [ýa:tlamak] v. to remember, recollect. ýaşlyk döwrüňi ~ to recollect one's youth.

ýatlanmak   [ýa:tlanmak] v. to be recollected, be remembered.

ýatlatmak   [ýa:tlatmak] v. to remind. Surat maňa geçen günlerimi ýatlatdy. The picture reminded me of my past. See: ýatlamak.

ýatmak   v. 1 • to lie down, rest. diwanda ~ to lie on a sofa. gapdalyňa gyşaryp ~ to lie down on one's side. Kitap stoluň üstünde ýatyr. The book is resting on the table.

2 • to sleep. Ol ýatyr. He's asleep.

3 • to be, to be found. türmede ~ to be in prison.

Usage: weather 4 • to stop, drop, become calm. Ýel ýatdy. The wind dropped.

Usage: emotions 5 • to calm down. Onuň gahary ýatdy. He calmed down.

6 • to be ill. Ol birnäçe gün ýatdy. He was in bed several days.

ýatan çöpi galdyrmazlyk   not to lift a finger.

Onuň bagty ýatdy.   Misfortune has befallen him.

Ýatan öküze iým ýok.   No pain, no gain.

aux. v. Ol dynç alyp ýatyr. He is taking a nap. Çagalar eýýäm uklap ýatyr. The children are already asleep in bed.

ýatylýan otag   [ýatylýa:n otag] n. bedroom.

ýatyrmak   [ýatyrmak] v. 1 • to put to bed. Ejesi çagalaryny ýatyrdy. The mother put her children to bed.

2 • to lie, recline. It howluda ýatyr. The dog is lying in the courtyard.

Usage: grass, hay and grains 3 • to cut, harvest.

Usage: food, drink 5 • to bottle. şerebä ~ to pickle. pomidory duza ~ to bottle tomatoes.

6 • to suppress.

7 • to abolish. çykys rugsat wizasy ýatyryldy exit visas have been abolished.

maşyny ~   Lit: to put a car to sleep to turn off the engine.

ýatyr   [ýaty:r] aux. v. Usage: (following gerund) marks the continuous mood lying. Sen näme üçin aglap ýatyrsyň? Why are you crying?

ýatyrtmak   v. to get someone to put (a child) to bed.

ýatyşmak   v. to die down.

ýaý   [ýa:ý] n. 1 • bow. Usage: weapon ~ çekmek to bend/draw a bow. ~ atmak to shoot.

2 • catapult, slingshot.

Usage: gram 3 • brackets, parenthesis.

ýaýbaňlandyrmak   v. to develop, expand. söwdany ~ to expand trade. işi giňden ~ to place the work on a broad footing. See: ýaýbaňlanmak.

ýaýbaňlanmak   v. to spread, swing about/around, be in full swing, develop.

ýaýdanmak   v. to hesitate, be undecided, be indecisive. jogap bermän ýaýdanyp durmak to be slow in answering. ýaýdanman aýtmak to tell something without losing a moment, tell something at once.

ýaýkamak   v. to shake, swing, rock. kelläňi ~ to shake one's head.

ýaýla   [ýa:ýla] n. meadow, pasture. gök ~ green meadow. ~da goýun bakmak to tend sheep at pasture.

ýaýmak   v. 1 • to spread. ganat ~ to spread one's wings.

2 • to spread, divulge, reveal. biriniň syryny ~ to divulge one's secret.

3 • let out, relax. saçyny ~ to let one's hair down.

ýaýmak   [ýa:ýmak] v. 1 • to roll, roll out.

2 • to churn.

ýaýramak   v. 1 • to spread. Ýaňy dogan Günüň şöhlesi dünýä ýaýrady. The rays of the rising sun spread throughout the earth. Narpyzyň ysy ýaýraýar. Mint spreads its aroma. dymly-duşa ~ to spread abroad.

2 • to become clear, understood. Bu şygyr tiz wagtda bütin Russiýa ýaýraýar. This poem will soon become known throughout Russia.

ýaýraň   adj. spread out, diffused. Usage: grammar

~ ýönekeý sözlem   extended sentence.

ýaýratmak   v. 1 • to distribute, disseminate. Isa Palestinada dini wagyz-nesihat ýaýrady. Jesus disseminated his teaching throughout Palestine.

2 • to spread, scatter. Şygyry bagşylar ile ýaýrady. It was bards who spread poetry among the people. dersi ~ to spread manure. gürrüň ~ to spread a rumour. giňden ~ to spread something far and wide. See: ýaýramak.

ýaýylmak   [ýa:ýylmak] v. 1 • to be rolled out. Usage: mat, carpet

2 • to be churned. See: ýaýmak.

ýaýylmak   v. Usage: landscape, river to spread out, stretch out. ýaylyp ýatan düz meýdan wide, stretched out valley. See: ýaýmak.

ýaz   [ýa:z] n. spring. later Spring cf. bahar. ýazda in spring. ~ ekişi spring sowing. ~ sürümi spring ploughing.

ýazdyrmak1   v. to make write. hat ~ to ask somebody to write a letter. See: ýazmak1.

ýazdyrmak2   v. get someone to spread out. and lay (e.g. the table cloth). See: ýazmak II.

ýazdyrmak   [ýa:zdyrmak] v. undo. iligi ~ unbutton. See: ýazmak.

ýazgarmak   [ýa:zgarmak] v. 1 • to accuse. kimdir biriniň etmişini ~ to accuse somebody of their wrongdoing.

2 • to condemn. ...kanun meni ýazgarsyn. ...let the law condemn me.

ýazgarylmak   [ýa:zgarylmak] v. to be blamed, be condemned.

ýazgy   n. 1 • inscription, mark. kitabyň ýüzündäki ~ inscription on a book.

2 • note. ýol ~lary travel notes/sketches. ~ etmek to take/make notes.

ýazgyt   n. predetermination, predestination, fate, destiny, fortune.

ýazlyk   [ýa:zlyk] adj. spring. ~ bugdaý spring wheat.

ýazma   n. writing. goşgy ~ writing in a poetic style.

ýazmaça   adj. hand-written. ~ harplar hand-written letters.

ýazmak1   v. to write. göçürip ~ to copy (from). täzeden ~ to rewrite. ýazyp almak to write down. ýazyp bermek to write down for someone. uly ~ to write with large handwriting. kiçi ~ to write with small handwriting. düşnükli ~ to write clearly. düşnüksiz ~ to write illegibly. goşgy ~ to write poetry.

ýazmak2   v. 1 • to spread, lay. saçak ~ to lay the table.

2 • to smooth out. Ol galstugynyň ýygrylan ýerlerini ýazyp başlady. He started to smooth out the creases in his tie.

3 • to run away.

aýagyňy ~   to have a short rest.

ýere ~   to knock down.

öýkesini ~   to mollify, calm, appease.

ýazmak   [ýa:zmak] v. 1 • to come undone. Gapan ýazypdyr, emma onuň üsti boşdy. The trapdoor came undone, but there was nothing on top of it.

2 • to get broken, get fractured. Onyň oňurgasy ýazypdyr. He has got a fractured spine.

3 • to turn. Ondan soň gürrüň başga tarapa ýazdy. Then the conversation turned to another topic.

ýazuw   n. 1 • writing. ~ esbaplary writing materials. ~ hünäri art of writing.

2 • script, written language. arap ~y arabic script.

ilat ýazuwy   census.

ýazyjy   [ýa:zyjy] n. writer, author. ~ aýal female writer, authoress.

ýazyk   [ýa:zyk] n. 1 • wrongdoing, offence.

2 • fault. Mende ~ ýok. It is not my fault.

3 • sin. Hudaý ýazygyňy geçer. God will forgive your sin.

5 • poor thing, unfortunate person.

Bir ýazykdan är ölmez, hiç ýazyksyz är bolmaz.   From one sin you won't die, you can't find a someone who is sinless. Category: prov.

ýazykly   [ýa:zykly] adj. guilty. ~ bolmak to be guilty. kimdir biriniň öňünde ~ bolmak to be guilty in the sight of somebody.

ýazyksyz   [ýa:zyksyz] adj. innocent, guiltless.

ýazylgy1   adj. written. ~ hat written letter. ~ bolmak to be written.

ýazylgy2   adj. spread, laid. ~ saçak table that has been laid.

ýazylmak1   v. 1 • to be written. Hat düýn ýazyldy. The letter was written yesterday.

2 • to subscribe. gazete ~ to subscribe to a newspaper.

3 • to join. okalga ~ to join a library. kružoga ~ to join a club.

Usage: university 4 • to register.

Usage: competition 5 • to enter one's name.

ýazylmak2   v. 1 • to be spread out, be laid out. Usage: mattress, carpet, tablecloth

2 • to be ironed, be pressed.

Usage: emotions 3 • to wind down.

ýazylyş   n. writing.

ýazynmak   v. to spread, lay (for oneself). düşek ~ to make the bed.

ýedi   num. seven. ýedi pyşdyna çenli bilmek to know one's ancestors up to the seventh generation.

~ gapyda ýer tapmadyk   Lit: to not be able to find a place where there are seven doors to be unable to hold down a job OR unable to find a job anywhere.

ýedinji   num ord. seventh.

ýegen   n. 1 • nephew. Usage: sister's son

Usage: sister's daughter 2 • niece.

ýegençi   n. Usage: sister's daughter (dialect) niece.

ýegsan   [ýegsa:n] v.

ýehudy   Jew.

ýeke   adj. alone, single. Ýatakda ýekeje sygyr bar. In the shed is a single cow.

ýeke-täk   only.

ýeke-yeke(den)   one by one, one after the other.

ýekeje   just one, alone.

ýekşenbe   n. Usage: literary Sunday.

ýel   n. Usage: weather wind. ~ turmak for a wind to get up, to get windy.

ýelek   n. feather, down.

ýelim   glue, paste.

ýelin   n. udder.

ýelmemek   v. 1 • to stick, glue. Ýelli haty elinde saklap, bukjany öňküsi ýaly ýelmejek boldy. Holding the letter in his hand as it blew about, he tried to stick down the envelope as he had previously.

2 • to hit hard. kellesine ýelmäp goýbermek to start hitting someone on the head.

3 • to give a false impression of something's worth. gymmat ~ to sell at an inflated price.

ýelmeşdirmek   to seal something up (eg, a letter).

ýelmeşmek   to be stuck down, sealed.

ýelpewaç   [ýelpewa:ç] n. fan.

ýençmek   to pound (eg, grain), hammer, beat.

ýene   adj. 1 • again, more. Ýene-de bir one more. Soň, meni ýene-de keselhana getirdiler... Later, they brought me to the hospital again...

2 • in addition, another. ~ bäş müň manatlyk haryt al. Buy something else for five thousand manat.

ýeň   n. sleeve. Category: clothing.

~ astyndan   (to have a) secret up your sleeve.

~ çermeşmek   Lit: to roll up (your) sleeves to put your fists up.

ýeňiji   n. 1 • winner, champion.

2 • conqueror.

ýeňil   adv. 1 • light.

2 • easy.

ýeňilmek   to be defeated.

ýeňiş   n. 1 • victory.

Usage: grammar2 •  ~ düşüm accusative case.

ýeňlemek   v. to be lightened.

ýeňletmek   v. to lighten (e.g.. lighten load).

ýeňmek   v. 1 • to win. Usage: something

Usage: somebody 3 • to defeat.

Usage: somebody in a game/sport 2 • to beat.

ýeňse   adj. 1 • back of the head. Usage: anatomy

2 • rear; back. ýeňseleýin ýöräp walking backwards.

ýeňsiz   n. tunic, waistcoat; body-warmer.

ýer   n. 1 • ground, earth. ýerde on the ground/floor.

2 • place. bu ýerde here. ol ýerde there. boş ~ free place/seat Ýer.

3 • Earth. Category: astronomy. Earth

4 • land, territory, region. tutýan ~i territory.

5 • country, state.

usually a mat on the floor. 6 • bed, sleeping place.

Usage: work 7 • position, post.

8 • time, moment.

9 • family, descendant. Ol gýz gowy ýeriň maşgalasy ekeni. That girl comes from a good family.

ýerine   to its place.

ýerine ýetirmek   carry out, fulfil, accomplish.

ýer hoz   peanut.

ýer almasy   potato.

ýer tudana   strawberry.

ýeri   interj. now, so. Ýeri, näme aýtjak? Now, what are you going to say?

ýerleşdirilmek   v. to be placed.

ýerleşdirmek   v. 1 • to make something fit. Bu goşlary çemedana zordan ýerleşdirdim. I had real difficulty fitting these things into the suitcase.

2 • to put away, to put something in its place. sandyga ~ to put away in a chest.

Usage: in a job, studies 3 • to get someone into, place.

4 • to sell, market. haryt ~ to market goods.

5 • to marry off (one's daughter).

ýerleşmek   v. 1 • to be located, be situated. Türkmen döwlet uniwersiteti Aşgabat şäherinde ýerleşýer. The Turkmen State University is situated in Ashgabat.

2 • to fit. Ýygnan garpyzlaryň hemmesi araba ýerleşer. All the picked water-melons will fit into the cart.

3 • to be put up. Myhmalar bizde ýerleşdi The guests were put up at our place.

Usage: employment, education 4 • to be accepted.

5 • to be used up, be spent. Norma boýunça alnan harytlarýň hemmesi ýerleşdi. All the goods have been used up at the expected rate.

6 • to be put away. Oýunjaklar ýerleşmeli. The toys need to be put away.

7 •  Han bu ýerde derýanyň kenarynda ýerleşdirdi. The khan settled them here on the banks of the river.

Usage: female 7 • to get married.

ýerli   local, indigenous; landed, having land.

ýerli-ýerden   

ýerlikli   adv. appropriately, correctly. ~ ulanmak to use something appropriately.

ýersiz   adj. landless, migrant workers, refugees. ýersiz, öýsuz, işsiz without land, home, or work.

ýerzemin   basement, vault, cellar.

ýer titreme   n. earthquake.

ýer zemin   n. cellar.

ýeser   adv. cunning.

ýesir   [ýesi:r] n. 1 • prisoner, captive. Ol hem şäheriň aýallary, ýesirleri bilen bile sürüldi. He was also driven along with the women and prisoners of the city. Men siziň şeýda sesiňiziň ýesiri. I'm a prisoner to your charms.

2 • hostage.

ýeşşik   box; carton.

ýeterlik   adv. enough, sufficient, adequate. ol ýeterlik ýatmandy He didn't get enough sleep.

ýetginjek   having reached (the age of); adolescent.

ýetim   [ýeti:m] n. orphan.

ýetim-ýesir   without provision.

ýetirmek   v. to deliver, to carry something to someone. Haty eýesine ýetirdim. I delivered the letter to it's owner. ýerine ~ to carry out, fulfil, accomplish, keep. ýetirjek bolmak to make something last.

göz ~   to realise, to find something out; know.

dil ~   to wound someone by gossiping about them, hurt.

1 • to reach out, touch. Murad ýeňsesine elini ýetirdi. Murad touched the back of his head.

2 • to deliver, to carry something to someone. Haty eýesine ýetirdim. I delivered the letter to it's owner.

Usage: road 3 • to put through.

4 • to tell about/of, inform. Ol öz pikirini oňa ýetirdi. He told her of his idea.

5 • to reach, amount to.

dil ~   to wound someone by gossiping about them, hurt.

göz ~   to realise, to find something out.

ýerine ~   carry out, fulfil, accomplish.

ýetirjek bolmak   to make something last.

ýetişmek   v. 1 • to be in time to, manage to.

2 • to make, succeed. bolup ~ to become.

ýetmek   v. 1 • to be enough, sufficient. Ýetenokdy. It was insufficient.

2 • to reach, attain. Bize-de nobat ýetdi. We're at the front of the queue at last. gelip ýetmek to come at last.

3 • to arrive. Tomus ýetdi. Summer has arrived.

4 • to catch up, reach. yzyndan ~ to catch up; overtake.

5 • to approach, draw near.

6 • to achieve, gain.

Usage: colloq 7 • to experience.

8 • to cause.

Ol ýetipdir.   He's drunk. ýeten

adj. ripe, mature. ~ gawun mature melon.

ýetmezçilik   n. drawback, shortcomings.

ýetmiş   num. seventy.

ýewreý   n. Usage: person Jew.

adj. 1 • Jewish. Usage: people, customs ~ aýaly Jewish woman.

Usage: language 2 • Hebrew. ýewreýçe in Hebrew. Category: language.

Ýewro   n. Euro (monetary unit).

Ýewropa   n. Europe. Category: geogr.

ýigdekçe   n. Usage: colloq youth, lad, boy, chap.

ýigit   n. youth, lad, guy. öýlenjek ~ bridegroom, fianc. batyr ~ brave lad. goç ~ brave chap. ~ çykmak to reach maturity.

ýigrenç   n. abhorrence, dislike, hate, disgust, contempt, disdain, strong aversion; repugnance. ~ duşgusy feeling of disgust/detestation.

ýigrenji   adj. disgusting, loathesome, detestable, abominable. ~ görünmek to look abominable/vile. onuň görnüşi ýigrenjidi his appearance was disgusting, he had a disagreeble appearance.

ýigrenmek   v. to hate, be disgusted by, loathe. gorkaklygy üçin ~ to be disgusted by someone's cowardice. ýaranjaňlygy ~ to loathe grovelling.

ýigrimi   num. twenty. ~ ýaşly oglan a young man of twenty.

ýigrimilik   num. 1 • a twenty. Usage: money

2 • a number twenty, a unit of twenty.

ýigriminji   num ord. twentieth. ~ ýyllar the twentieth. ~ ýyllaryň başlarynda in the early twenties. ~ sahypa page twenty.

ýit   interj. go away. Ýit, owarra bol! Get lost!

ýiteltmek   v. to sharpen. pyçagy ~ to sharpen a knife. See: ýitelmek.

ýitgi   n. 1 • loss, waste. Usage: agriculture, industry hasyl ýygymyndaky ~ harvesting losses, harvesting waste. ~niň öňüni almak to eliminate/cut out waste.

Usage: humans 2 • losses. adam ýitgisi losses in men. uly ~ serious losses.

ýitgisiz   adj. 1 • without loss. hasyly ~ ýygnamak to harvest without loss.

2 • without losses, without victim.

ýiti   adj. 1 • sharp, pointed. ~ pyçak sharp knife.

2 • bright. ~ reňk bright colour.

3 • burning, scorching. günüň ~ şöhlesi burning rays of the sun.

4 • bright, clever, sharp.

5 • sharp, sharp-sighted. Onuň gözi ~ He has a sharp eye.

6 • loud. ~ ses loud voice.

7 • sharp, strong. ~ ys pungent smell.

8 • sharp, biting, stinging. ~ dil sharp tongue.

Usage: mathematics 9 • acute. ~ burç acute angle.

~ zehinli   highly talented.

ýiti-ýiti    ~ seretmek to stare at, gaze at, look fixedly/intently (at). See: ýiti.

ýitileşmek   v. 1 •  See: ýitelmek.

2 • to become worse. ýagdaý ýitileşýär the situation is becoming worse. kesel ýitileşdi the disease has grown.

ýitilik   n. 1 • sharpness. pyçagyň ýitiligi sharpness of a knife.

2 • brightness. reňkiň ýitiligi brightness of a colour.

3 • burning state, brightness. gün söhlesiniň ýitiligi brightness of the sun rays.

4 • quick-wittedness. akylyň ýitiligi quick-wittedness.

5 • sharp-sightedness. gözüň ýitiligi sharp-sightedness.

6 • loudness. sesiň ýitiligi loudness of a voice.

7 • pungency. ysyň ýitiligi pungency of a smell.

8 • aggravation. ýagdaýyň ýitiligi aggravation of a situation.

ýitirilmek   v. 1 • to be lost, be missing.

2 • to be wasted, be spent (to no purpose).

ýitirmek   v. 1 • to lose, be deprived of. çakgyňy ~ to lose one's penknife. Siziň ýitirýän zadyňyz ýok. You've got nothing to lose. ýoluňy ~ to lose one's way.

2 • to waste, spend. wagtyňy ~ to waste time on.

3 • not to see. Biz seni ýitirdik! We haven't seen you for ages!

huşuňy ~   1 • to lose consciousness.

2 • to lose one's memory.

özüňi ~   to be at a loss.

güýjüni ~   to lose one's strength.

ýitirip tapan ýaly   Lit: as if finding what was lost to be overjoyed.

Ýitir, ýok et!   Take it away!

gözüňden ~   to lose sight of.

abraýyňy ~   to lose prestige.

ýitmek   v. 1 • to disappear off, vanish without trace. dereksiz ~ to disappear without trace.

2 • to lose one's way, go missing.

3 • to fade. ...ýazylan hatlar kagyzyň ýüzünden ýitip gidipdir. ...the writing on the paper had faded.

4 • to be wasted. Bütin günümiz biderek ýitdi. Our whole day has been wasted.

gözden ~   to vanish, disappear.

garasy ~   to vanish, disappear.

ýod   n. iodine. Category: chem.

ýoda   [ýo:da] n. path. dag ~sy mountain path.

ýogalmak   [ýo:galmak] v. 1 • to disappear (gradually), vanish, be lost. kem-kemden ~ to disappear gradually.

Usage: fig 2 • to die. ol uruşda ýogaldy he died in the war. Abu Seýit ýogalandan soň musulman ruhanylary onuň guburynyň töwereginde onuň kultuny döredipdirler. Mane.

ýogsa   conj. otherwise, or else. Meniň diýenimi et, ~ hor bolarsyň. Do what I told you or else you will be poor.

ýogsam   conj. See: ýogsa.

ýogurt   n. yoghurt, yogurt. Türk ~y Turkish (style) yoghurt.

ýogyn   [ýogy:n] adj. 1 • thick, sturdy. ~ agaç sturdy tree. ~ taýak thick stick.

Usage: person 2 • large, stout. ~ içege large intestine.

Usage: voice 3 • deep.

Usage: grammar4 •  ~ çekimliler pure vowels (in contrast to glides).

ýogynlyk   [ýogy:nlyk] n. 1 • width, thickness.

Usage: humans 2 • stoutness, plumpness.

Usage: voice 3 • deepness.

ýok   [ýo:k] modal v. 1 • not to have. Sende howly ýokmy? Haven't you got a back yard? Meniň başga aýtjak zadym ~ There is nothing more I want to say to you. Geregi ~ (There is) no need.

2 • not to be there. Ol öýde ~ He is not at home.

3 • no. Sen iňlis dilini bilýäňmi? Ýok. Do you speak English? No.

Söz ~   Everything is all right.

Aý ýoga!   Really!

~ zatlary aýtmak   to talk rubbish.

~ bolmak   to disappear, vanish, be lost.

~ etmek   to destroy.

kemçilikleri ~ etmek   to eliminate defects.

ýoguna ýanmak   to annihilate, wipe out.

Ýoguňy tap!   Get away!

~ bolmazlyk   to be insufficient. Bu maňa ýok bolmaz. That won't be enough for me.

bary-ýogy   in all, only. Aradan bary-ýogy iki aý geçdi. Only two months have passed (since then).

ýokanç   adj. infectious, contagious. ~ keseller infectious diseases.

ýokar   post. above, up, high. Ol ýokarda otyr. He's sitting upstairs.

ýokardaky   [ýokarda:ky] adj. 1 • upper.

2 • above, above-mentioned.

ýokarky   adj. 1 • upper. ~ etaž upper floor. ~ çeker upper drawer. atmosferanyň ~ gatlagy upper layers of the atmosphere.

Usage: writing 2 • above. ~ agzalanlar above-mentioned.

~ palata   Upper Chamber (of a Parliament); House of Lords.

ýokarlandyrmak   v. to raise. See: ýokarlatmak.

ýokarlandyrylmak   v. 1 • to be increased.

2 • to be improved. See: ýokarlandyrmak.

ýokarlanmak   v. 1 • to rise, go up; to increase, grow up. girdeji ýokarlanýar profits increase. zähmet öndürijiligi ýokarlandy labour productivity rose.

2 • to improve, take a turn for the better. halkyň ýagdaýy ýokarlanýar life of the people is improving.

ýokary   adj. 1 • above, up.

2 • high. ~ hili high quality.

3 • upstairs. ~ çykmak go upstairs.

1 • above, up. Tozan ~ galdy. Dust began to rise.

2 • upstairs. ~ çykmak to go upstairs.

Usage: person's position 3 • the top. ýokarda oturmak to sit in the place of honour.

Usage: education 4 • high, advanced, upper.

5 • high, greater than usual. ~ hili high quality.

6 • east. ýokarý tarapa gitmek to go toward the east.

ýokaryk   [ýokary:k] adv. up, upwards. çalt ~ galmak to go up quickly. basgançak bilen ~ çykmak to go upstairs. Gün bulutdan ýokaryk galyp başlady. The sun began to rise in the sky.

2 • adv. northwards, northbound. Maryda oturan saryklar ~ üýşüp başlaýalar. The Saryks who lived in Mary started to move toward the east - UP THE MOUNTAIN, HB.

ýoklamak   [ýo:klamak] v. 1 • to put, do (with). Meniň ruçkamy nirä ýokladyň? What have you done with my pen?

2 • to kill, annihilate.

1 • to get rid of. Meniň ruçkamy nirä ýokladyň? What have you done with my pen?

Usage: money 2 • to spend, use up.

3 • to kill.

Usage: arch 4 • to remember. Gyrat Göroglyny ýoklap bir kişňedi. Gyrat suddenly neighed as he thought about Gorogly.

ýokluk   [ýo:kluk] n. 1 • absence, lack. wagtyň ýoklugy lack of time. puluň ýoklugy lack of money. meniň ýoklugymda in my absence.

2 • non-existence.

~ forma   Usage: grammar the negative.

ýokmak   v. 1 • to stick (to, on). onuň balagyna hapa ýokupdyr the dirt stuck to his trousers, his trousers are dirty.

2 • to be infected (with), get the infection from somebody. grip ~ to catch the influenza/'flu.

Usage: fig 3 • to influence, effect, have an influence (on). oňa bu sözler ýokmaz these words have no influence on him.

It gargyşy gurda ýokmaz   A dog's curse has no effect on a wolf.

ýokumly   adj. Usage: food beneficial, good for you, nutritious. ~ iýmişler nutritious fruits healthy nutrients.

ýokuş   adj. unpleasant, annoying. ~ söz aýtmak to say unpleasant words.

~ görmek   to take offence, be offended, be/feel hurt.

ýol   [ýo:l] n. 1 • road, track, way, route, path. howa ýoly airline, airline's route. ~da durmaň get out of the way. ~ görkezmek to show somebody the way (to a place). Hudaý ~y a religious meal. a lamb or goat is sacrificed in order to remember a deceased member of the family, to give thanks for something, or to prevent one's fate turning bad (i.e. to gain God's favour). ~ bermek to let somebody pass; make way for somebody, to permit, allow, give opportunity. ~ ugruna on the way (to). ~ gurluşygy road construction. ~ görkeziji guide. parahatçylyk ýoly bilen gitmek to take the path of peace.

onuň işi ýol almady   his work has not been crowned with success.

ýola gelmek   to reform, turn over a new leaf.

ýoluňy urdurmak   to lose one's way; to go astray.

2 •  uzak ~ long journey, long way. ~a düşmek to set off, set out on a journey. ~a çykmazdan öň before setting out.

3 • way, direction. ikimiziň ýolumyz bir we go the same way, I am going your way. ikimiziň ýolumyz başga we go in different directions; our paths diverge. ~ açmak to force one's way through; to make one's way in life. ~ gözlemek to look for the way; to look for the way out. ~ tapmak to find the way; to find the way out. ~dan çykmak to lose one's way.

ýoldan çykan   spoilt, dissolute, reprobate. ýolunda durmak to bar smb's road, be in smb's way.

onyň ~y gowy   his future is assured/secured.

öz ýoluň bilen gitmek   to go one's own way.

maňa ýeke ýol galýar   there is only one way out for me.

~a salmak   to see somebody off; to regulate, put right. işleri ýola salmak to set things going.

ýoluňyz ak bolsun!   bon voyage!, have a safe trip!

oňa hemme ýol açyk   all roads are open to him.

Usage: anatomy 4 • passage, duct. dem alyş ýollary respiratory tract.

5 • means, method. parahatçylykly ~ bilen in a friendly way, peacefully. iki ýol bilen düşündirmek to explain by two means.

1 • road, way, path, track. ~da durmaň! Don't stand in the road! ~ gurluşygy road construction. ~ bermek a) to let someone pass; make way for b) to permit, allow, give opportunity.

2 • We go in different directions. Türkmenistan howa ~lary Turkmenistan airlines. ~ görkeziji guide. ~ görkezmek a) to show somebody the way (to a place), give directions to b) to guide. ~ ugruna on the way (to). Ikimiziň ýolumyz bir. We are going the same way. ~ açmak to force one's way through; to make one's way in life. ~ gözlemek to look for the way; to look for the way out. öz ýoluň bilen gitmek ~ tapmak to find the way (out). Maňa ýeke ýol galýar. Ikimiziň ýolumyz başga.

3 • way, journey. uzak ~ long journey, long way. ~a düşmek to set off, set out on a journey. ~a çykmazdan öň before setting out.

4 • way, path. Ikimiziň ýolumyz başga. Our ways of thinking are different.

5 • way, approach, method. parahatçylykly ~ bilen in a friendly way, peacefully. parahatçylyk ~y bilen gitmek to take a non-confrontational approach. iki ~ bilen düşündirmek to explain in two ways.

Usage: anatomy 6 • passage, duct. dem alyş ýollary respiratory tract.

ýoluňy urdurmak   to lose one's way; to go astray.

Ýoluň ak bolsun!   Have a safe journey!

Oňa hemme ýol açyk.   The world is his oyster.

~a salmak   to see somebody off; to regulate, put right.

~ bermek   to permit, allow, give opportunity.

ýoldan çykan   spoilt.

Onyň ~y gowy.   His future is secure.

ýola gelmek   to reform, turn over a new leaf.

Onuň işi ýol almady.   His work has not been crowned with success.

işleri ýola salmak   to set things in motion.

ýolagçy   [ýo:lagçy] n. 1 • passenger. ~ otly passenger train. ~ uçar air-liner.

2 • traveller. ~ ýolda ýagşy. It's good (for a traveller) to be on the road.

ýolbars   n. lion. ~ çagasy lion cub. urkaçy ~ lioness.

~ ýürekli   lion-hearted.

ýolbaşçy   [ýo:lbaşçy] n. 1 • leader.

2 • manager.

3 • chairman.

4 •  klas ~ class teacher. ylmy ~ academic supervisor.

ýolbaşçylyk   [ýo:lbaşçylyk] n. leadership, guidance. ýolbaşçylygynda under the leadership/guidance (of). ~ etmek to lead, be in charge (of), be at the head (of).

ýoldaş   n. 1 • friend, companion. used more often between men. ~ bolmak to be friends (with). ýan ýoldaş marriage partner.

2 • (travelling) companion, fellow-traveller.

3 • fellow worker, workmate.

4 • husband.

5 • placenta. Category: anatomy.

ýoldaşlyk   n. comradeship, partnership, companionship, friendship. ~ sudy comrades' court. ~ duşuşygy friendly/unofficial match. Usage: sports

ýollamak   [ýo:llamak] v. 1 • to send. Usage: letter, e-mail

2 • to pass on BAS 315.

ýolmak   v. 1 • to pull out, tear out, pluck. köki bilen ~ to uproot, tear up by roots.

2 • to pick, pluck. gül ~ to pick flowers. ýolup aýyrmak to pull out, pluck.

3 • to tear off, break. iligi ~ to tear off a button. ýüpi ~ to break a rope.

4 • to stop, break off. diplomatik aragatnaşygy ~ to break off diplomatic relations.

saç ~   to tear one's hair out.

ýolukmak   v. to encounter, find oneself (in), fetch up. bir bela ~ to get into trouble, come to grief.

ýolunmak   v. 1 • to tear off, come off, break off. Ilik ýolundy. The button came off.

2 • to be interrupted, be cut. Aragatnaşyklar ýolundy. The ties have been cut.

ýomut   Yomut (tribe). one of the main Turkmen tribes.

ýonmak   [ýo:nmak] v. 1 • to plane, smooth something with a plane; cut out, hew. agaçy ~ to plane wood.

Usage: fig 2 • to extort, take. men ondan on müň manat ýondum I rushed him ten thousand manats.

ýorga   adj. ambling. ~ at an ambling horse.

ýorgan   n. quilt, duvet. ~a girmek to get between the covers. ~ örtünmek to cover oneself with a quilt.

Ýorganyňa görä aýak uzat!   Cut your coat according to your cloth! Category: prov.

ýorgut   n. Usage: dreams interpretation.

ýormak   v. 1 • to tell fortunes, to foretell.

Usage: dreams 2 • to interprete. düýşi gowulyga ~ to interprete one's dream with a pleasant meaning.

ýowar   n. mutual help. ~ etmek to help each other.

ýowuz   adj. severe, hard, stern. ~ günler hard days. ~ höküm harsh sentence. ~ jeza severe punishment. ~ synag stern test. urşuň ~ ýyllary difficult years of war.

1 • severe, harsh. ~ höküm harsh sentence. ~ jeza severe punishment.

Usage: time 2 • hard, harsh, difficult. urşuň ~ ýyllary difficult years of war. ~ günler hard days.

ýowuzlyk   n. hardness, severity, sternness.

ýöne1   [ýö:ne] adj. 1 • free, for nothing. Ol muny saňa ýöne berdimi? Did he give it to you for nothing?

2 • without reason, just for the sake (of), for nothing. Ol ~ gitdi. He went there just for the sake of it.

ýöne2   [ýö:ne] conj. but, however. Men garaşdym, ~ sen gelmediň. I waited but you didn't come.

ýönekeý   [ýö:nekeý] adj. 1 • simple, understandable. ~ sözler simple words.

2 • average, ordinary, modest. ~ adam modest person. ~ bir waka common tale, everyday occurrence.

Usage: grammar3 •  ~ sözlem simple sentence.

1 • simple, understandable. ~ sözler simple words.

2 • modest, humble. Category: character.

3 • ordinary. ~ daýhan gyzy an ordinary farm girl.

4 • usual, normal. Meniň ~ adymy tutaýyň! Please speak to me normally!

5 • everyday. ~ bir waka everyday occurrence.

Usage: grammar6 •  ~ sözlem simple sentence.

ýönekeýlik   [ýö:nekeýlik] n. simpleness, usualness, ordinariness.

ýönelmek   [ýö:nelmek] v. to make one's way (to, towards, into), direct one's steps (to). uniýersitete tarap ~ to make one's way towards the university.

ýöňkelmek   v. to be accused (of), be blamed (for). ogurlyk ~ to be accused of theft.

ýöňkemek   v. to accuse.

gara ~   to blacken someone's name.

ýöredilmek   v. 1 • to be started up, be set in motion. motor yöredildi the engine was started up.

2 • to be kept. gündelik ýöredildi a diary was kept.

ýörelge   n. 1 • custom, tradition. köne ýörelgäni tutmak to keep up old customs. köne ~ bilen in the old fashion, in the old way.

Usage: fig 2 • way, direction. Magtymgulynyň öňe süren ruhy ýörelgesi türkmen halky üçin şu günem juda-juda gymmatly bolmagynda galýar. adalatlylyk ýörelgeleri oba hojalygy barada täze ~ler bellemek to set up new ways on agriculture.

ýöremek   v. 1 • to walk, go. ýöräp barmak to be walking along.

Assa ýörän uzaga gider.   More haste, less speed.

2 • to start, work. Otly ýöräp başlady. The train has started to move.

3 • to act, behave. biriniň görkezmesi bilen ~ to act on someone's instructions.

4 • to work, run. Bu sagat dogry ýöreýär. This watch is correct.

5 • to be in use, be used. Bu pul indi ýöränok. This currency is no longer valid.

6 • to get, be given. Kakamyň pensiýasy ýöreýär. My father gets a pension.

Usage: game 7 • to move. atyňy ~ to move one's knight.

8 • to affect, have an affect (on), Arynyň awusy örän çalt ýöreýär. The poison of a bee has a very fast effect.

ýöretmek   v. 1 • to make somebody walk.

2 • to keep. gündelik ~ to keep a diary.

3 • to run, start (up). motory ~ to start up the engine.

pikir ~   to advance/put forward an idea. See: ýöremek.

ýöreýiş   n. gait, walk, step. gaz ýöreýşi goose step.

ýörgünli   adj. 1 • popular, widespread. ~ at popular name.

2 • saleable, marketable, in great demand. ~ harytlar saleable merchandise.

ýörgür   adj. fast, quick. ~ harytlar quick-selling goods.

ýöriş   [ýöri:ş] n. 1 • gait, step. çalt ~ quick gait.

2 • march, campaign. haçly ~ The Crusades.

3 • walking tour, hike.

4 • procession, parade.

5 •  atly ~ horse ride.

ýörite   adj. special. soňky habarlaryň ~ goýberlişi a special release of the latest news.

ýöriteleşdirmek   [ýöri:teleşdirmek] v. to specialize, make specific.

ýörmek   [ýörmek, ýör:] aux. v. Usage: (following gerund) marks the continuous mooge okap ~ to continue with one's studies. Ol heniz hem okap ýör. He is still studying. işsiz gezip ~ to hang around.

interj. Ýör, gideli! Come on, let's go!

ýubileý   [ýubi'leý] n. 1 • anniversary; jubilee.

2 • anniversary celebrations.

ýugrulmak   v. to be kneaded.

ýugurmak   v. to knead. hamyr ~ to knead dough.

ýuka   [ýu:ka] adj. 1 • thin. ~ mata thin material.

Usage: clothing 2 • light, thin. ~ geýinmek to dress lightly.

3 • tender. ~ dodaklar tender lips.

~ ýürek   soft-hearted.

ýukalyk   [ýu:kalyk] n. thinness. kagyzyň ýukalygy thinness of a paper. materialyň ýukalygy fineness of a material.

ýumak   n. skein, hank, ball. bir ~ ýüp skein of wool or thread. ýumagy çözlemek to unreel a skein.

ýüregiň ýumagyny çözlemek   to open one's heart, unbosom oneself.

ýummak   v. to close, shut. gözüňi ~ close one's eyes; to die.

göz ~   Usage: fig to shut one's eyes.

ýumor   ['ýumor] n. humour. See: wäşilik.

ýumruk   n. fist. ~ aýlamak to fist, raise one's hand against somebody. gyzyl ýumruga girişmek to fight with the fist. ýumrugyňy düwmek to clench one's fist. ýumrugyňy görkezmek to threaten somebody with the fist.

~ ýaly   very small. ~ ýaly oglan very small boy.

taýak gelýänçä ~   as you have no stick use your fist.

ýumrulmak   v. to be destroyed, be demolished, be broken down.

ýumşak   adj. 1 • soft. ~ krowat soft bed. ~ oturgyç armchair, easy chair. ~ ýer soft ground. ~ kentlewük

Usage: anatomy 2 • soft palate.

Usage: bread 3 • fresh. ~ çörek fresh bread.

4 • gentle, kind. ~ ýüreklilik soft-heartedness.

ýumşamak   v. 1 • to soften, become soft, grow pulpy; become loose.

2 • to relent, relax one's severity; become less stern.

ýumşatmak   v. See: ýumşamak.

1 • to soften, make soft; make loose. kätmen bilen ~ to hoe.

2 • to relent, relax smb's severity; make somebody less stern. günäsini ~ to extenuate smb's guilt. jezany ~ to mitigate a punishment.

ýumurmak   v. to destroy, demolish. jaýy ~ to demolish a house.

ýumurtga   n. 1 • egg. çala bişen ~ soft-boiled egg egg (of a hen). ~nyň sarysy yolk. ~nyň gabygy egg-shell. ~ guzlaýan towuklar good laying hens.

Usage: biology 2 • egg, ovum. ~ öýjügi ovule.

ýumuş   1 • task, assignment; errand, commission, mission. ~ buýurmak to set a task. ýumşy ýerine ýetirmek to fulfil a task. ~ oglany errand-boy. biriniň ~ oglany bolmak to be smb's errand-boy; to be at smb's beck and call.

2 • affair, work, job, business. ~ bilen gelmek to come on business. birine ýumşy düşmek to have some business with somebody.

ýuridik   adj. juridical, legal; juristical. ~ fakultet faculty/department of law. ~ ylym science of law, jurisprudence.

ýurt   [ýu:rt] n. 1 • territory, area, site.

2 • country. daşary ~ foreign country, abroad. daşary ~ dili foreign language.

3 • accommodation. Biz dagyň eteginden ýurt tutduk. We pitched out yurts by the edge of the mountain. täze ýurda göçmek to move to a new house..

~ sökmek   to live a nomadic existence.

~ ýykan   nasty piece of work, bad character.

ýurtsyz   [ýu:rtsyz] adj. homeless.

ýuwaş   adj. 1 • quiet, low, soft; quietly, softly, gently. ~ ses low voice. ~ geplemek to speak in a low voice. ~ kakmak to knock gently.

2 • silent, noiseless; still, calm; silently, noiselessly. ~ adam silent person. ~ oturmak to sit still.

3 • slow, slow-moving. ~ ädim slow pace. işler ~ gidýär thing are slack. ýuwaş-ýuwaş slowly (does it). ýuwaş-ýuwaşdan gradually.

1 • quiet, soft. ~ ses quiet voice. ~ geplemek to speak quietly. ~ kakmak to knock quietly.

2 • softly, gently, quietly.

3 • silent. Ýuwaş bal Silence!

4 • calm.

5 • still, motionless. ~ oturmak to sit still.

6 • slow. Category: speed. Men ~ ýöräp gitmeli boldum. I had to go quietly.

Usage: work 7 • slow, slack. Işler ~ gidýär Things are slack.

ýuwaş-ýuwaş   Lit: slowly (does it) not bad. In response to "What's up?"

ýuwaş-ýuwaşdan   gradually. Ýuwaş hereket assa-ýuwaş

ýuwdunmak   v. to swallow one's saliva. See: ýuwutmak.

ýuwluk   n. great-great grandchild.

ýuwmak   v. 1 • to wash. eliňi ~ to wash hands. gap ~ to wash dishes. geýim ~ to wash clothes. kir ýuwýan maşyn washing machine.

2 • to justify. "Yalňyşlyk" diýen bolup sen ony ýuwjak bolma! Don't say "It was just a mistake" and try to justify him! Ol öz günäsini gany bilen ýuwdy. To earn one's freedom by one's blood being shed. Lit: To wash away one's guilt with blood. in order to gain freedom from prison, must fight in a war and either win or have a bullet wound right to the bone.

Usage: colloq 3 • to drink (to). täze köwşi ~ to drink to a new pair of shoes. maşyny ~ to drink to a new car.

ýuwulmak   v. 1 • to wash, to be washed. bu mata oňat ýuwulýar this cloth washes well.

2 • to be justified.

ýuwunmak   v. to wash (one's self). irden ~ to wash one's self in the morning. See: ýuwmak.

ýuwutmak   v. to swallow. derman ~ to swallow pills. ýuwudyp goýbermek to swallow.

gan ~   to suffer; to torment, feel unhappy.

gaharyňy ~   to swallow one's pride.

diliňi ~   to lose one's tongue.

ýer ~   to disappear, vanish, be lost; to die.

ýer ýuwutmyş!   may the ground swallow you!, I wish you were damned!

ýük   n. 1 • freight, cargo, load. ~ ýüklemek to load up. ~i düşürmek to unload. ~ gämisi cargo boat, freighter.

2 • luggage, baggage. ~ goýulýan ýer luggage compartment. ~ we el goşlary kamerasy left luggage office.

3 • bed, bedding. ~i ýygnamak to make the bed.

4 • commitments, obligations. Meniň ~üm agyr. I have a lot of commitments.

5 • burden. ~ bolmak to be a burden to.

6 • grief, sorrow, suffering.

ýükçi   n. 1 • porter. Usage: person

Usage: animal2 •  ~ eşek pack-donkey.

ýüklemek   v. 1 • to load up.

2 • to give, make shoulder, burden. Ähli işi täze mugallyma ýüklediler. They made the new teacher carry the whole work.

günä ~   to make someone shoulder the blame.

üstüne ~   to give somebody a task to do.

ýüklenmek   v. 1 • to be loaded, be laden with.

Usage: responsibility 2 • to be given.

ýüň   n. wool. ýaz ýüňi wool sheared at springtime.

~ sakgal bolmak   to have one's actions exposed.

ýüňdarak   n. comb, comb for wool.

ýüp   n. 1 • rope. Usage: thick, for tying up baggage or animals ~ bilen daňmak to tie up. Göläni ýüp bilen daňmaly. The calf needs to be tied up.

Usage: thin but strong 2 • string, cord. haly ýüp carpet thread (from wool).

~ süz daňmak   to make somebody wait for a long time.

Onuň ~üniň üstüne odun goýar ýaly däl.   Lit: You wouldn't be able to put firewood on his string. He is not to be trusted.

ýüpek   adj. silk. ~ gurçugy silkworm. ~ süüými silk thread. ~ köýnek silk shirt.

beýik ~ ýoly   Lit: Great Silk Road The Silk Road.

ýüplük   n. yarn, thread. Haly dürli ~ lerden edilýär. Carpet is made of different kinds of thread. carpets are made from wool thread. ~ egirmek to spin cotton into threads.

ýürek   n. 1 • heart. Usage: anatomy ~ keseli heart disease. ~ agyry chest pains. Meniň ýüregim agyrýar. I have a bad heart. ~ urmasy palpitations; (med) tachycardia.

Usage: emotions 2 • heart, soul. çyn ~den söýmek to love from the bottom of one's heart.

Usage: fig 3 • courage, boldness.

4 • centre, heart.

ýüregi atyň kellesi ýaly   courageous, brave, bold.

arslan ~   Lit: lion heart brave, courageous.

açyk ~   frank, sincere, candid.

ýüregiň agzyňa gelmek   to be very frightened (of).

ak ~   honest.

~ awamak   to regret.

~ daş baglamak   to resolve, make a firm decision.

~ bermek   to fall in love.

ýüregi bire baglamak   to decide to carry a task through to its end.

ýüregiň bulanmak   to feel sick. Meniň ýüregim bulanýar. I feel sick.

ýüregini çişirmek   to anger somebody, incense.

düň (daş) ~   brutal, cruel, merciless.

ýürege düşmek   a) to bore b) bother, pester c) to want to do something.

ýürege düwmek   to decide, make one's mind up.

güş ~   faint-hearted, cowardly, timid.

ýüregiň gysmak   to be homesick, to miss.

ýürege jüňk bolmak   -. Men erbet habar eşiden wagtym ýüregim jüňk boldy. When I heard the bad news my heart missed a beat.

ýüregiň müňküldemek   to worry, be disturbed, be nervous.

ýüregini ýarmak   to frighten, scare.

ýüregiň ýerine gelmek   to calm down; to compose oneself.

ýüregi ýuka   mild, kind, soft-hearted.

ýürekli   adv. 1 • passionately, with passion, with zeal, zealously. işe ~ ýapyşmak to set up to work with zeal.

2 • hearted. gara ýürekli evil-hearted.

ýüwrük   adj. quick, fast, rapid. ~ at fast horse.

ýüz1   n. face. Onuň ~i aý ýaly. She is very beautiful. ýüzbe-ýüz face to face. ~ keşbi appearance, look. ~üňi sallamak to display one's dissatisfaction. ~üňi çytmak to knit one's brows, frown. ~üň gyzarmak to blush.

post. 1 • on. diwaryň ~ünde on the wall. suwuň ~ünde on the water. ýer ~ünde all over the world.

2 • front, right side. matanyň ~i the right side of the material.

3 •  köçäniň ol ~ünde durmak to stand on the other side of a street.

4 • blade, edge. pyçagyň ~i knife blade. ~i gaýdyşmak to grow (slightly) blunt.

açyk (güler) ~li   kind, good-natured, genial.

agyr ~li   a) angry b) taciturn, uncommunicative.

~üni almak   to shout (at).

~üne atanak çekmek   to give up for lost.

~ bermek   to condescend (to), to allow somebody to do something.

çilime ~ urmak   to begin to smoke.

~e çykmak   to disgrace.

~ döndermek   to appear, arise.

~üne gara sürtmek   a) to disgrace someone b) to lose all sense of shame.

~ saraltmak   to ask, entreat, implore.

~ solgun   1 • pale.

2 • sad.

~i täzelenmek   to freshen up, acquire a glow of health.

~ tutmak   to turn to, appeal (to).

~ urmak   to begin to do sth.

~üni ýuwmak   to defend somebody, justify.

ýüzbe-ýüz   

ýüz-göz   face and eyes. ~üňi çytmak to frown, knit one's brows.

ýüz2   num. one hundred, hundred. ~ manat one hundred manat. alty ýüz ~ manat six hundred and fifty thousand manat.

ýüzin   [ýüzi:n] adj. flat, flatways, prone, face downwards. ~ ýükülmak to fall flat. ~ ýatmak to lie face downwards/prone.

ýüzlenme   n. appeal, address.

~ belgisi   exclamation mark.

~ sözlemi   exclamatory sentence.

ýüzlenmek   v. 1 • to address (oneself to).

2 • to turn to, appeal to. Ol kömek sorap kime ýüzlenjegini bilmedi. She didn't know who to turn to for help.

3 • to head for, head off in the direction of. oba tarap ~ to head off in the direction of the village.

ýüzli   adj. authoritative, respected.

ýüzlük   n. a one-hundred e.g. Manat note.

ýüzmek1   v. 1 • to float.

2 • to swim. derýada ~ to swim in the river. ýüzüp geçmek to swim across.

3 • sail. Derýäniň ýüzünde ýelkenli gämiler ýüzýärdi. Yachts used to sail on the river.

ýüzmek2   v. Usage: animals to skin.

ýüzügara   n. shameless person.

ýüzük   n. 1 • ring. Usage: jewelry altyn ~ gold ring. nika ýüzügi wedding ring.

Usage: game 2 • 'Which hand?'. played at weddings and on special days where a person hides a ring or pocket knife in their hand and another person guesses which hand it is in.

ýygmak   v. 1 • to gather, harvest.

Usage: fruit, cotton 2 • to pick.

3 • to collect. odun ~ to collect firewood.

Usage: grains, grasses 4 • to scythe, cut.

agzyňy ~   

ýygnak   n. meeting. ~ geçirmek to hold a meeting.

ýygnalmak   v. 1 • to be collected, be gathered, be picked.

2 • to be taken away, be cleaned.

3 • to be piled up, be heaped up.

4 • to be concentrated.

ýygnamak   v. 1 • to gather, collect, pick. oňat hasyl ~ to gather in a good harvest. goşun ~ to assemble/muster troops. maglumat ~ to collect information. poçta markalary ~ to collect postage stamps.

2 • to save.

3 • hide; to hide, conceal, put away.

4 • to pile, heap, stack. odunlary bir ýere ~ to pile up the firewoods.

5 • to pick up. köçeden ~ to pick up in the street.

6 • to do, tidy up, clean up. ýorgan-düşekleri ~ to make the bed. saçagy ~ to clear the table.

1 • to gather, harvest. oňat hasyl ~ to gather in a good harvest.

Usage: fruit, cotton 2 • to pick.

3 • to assemble, muster.

3 • to collect. poçta markalary ~ to collect postage stamps.

4 • to save.

5 • to collect.

6 • to hide, conceal, put away.

7 • to stack. odunlary bir ýere ~ to stack firewood.

8 • to pick up. köçeden ~ to pick up in the street.

9 • tidy up, clean up. ýorgan-düşekleri ~ to make the bed.

10 • to clear (e.g., a surface). saçagy ~ to clear the table.

ýygnanmak   v. to gather, assemble. Biz ertir ýygnanarys. We shall meet tomorrow.

ýygnanyşmak   v. to gather, meet. Biz pikir alyşmaga ýygnanyşdyk. We gathered to exchange ideas. Barsa, ýolbaşlary ýygnanyşyp başlapdyrlar. All the leaders began meeting together.

ýygnanyşyk   [ýygnanyşyk] n. gathering, collection, crowd, meeting.

ýygnaýjy   n. collector. salgyt ~ tax collector.

ýygym   n. collection, harvest. hasyl ~y harvest's gathering in; harvest time. pagta ~y cotton-picking. ~ kampaniýasy harvest compaign.

ýygymçy   n. 1 • harvester.

Usage: fruit, cotton 2 • picker. pagta ~lary cotton-pickers.

ýygyn   n. 1 • assembly, mob, crowd.

Usage: fig 2 • army, forces, troops. agyr ~ great army.

ýygyndy   adj. combined. ~ komanda combined team.

ýygyrt   n. 1 • wrinkle, crease. maňlaýdaky ~lar wrinkles on the forehead.

2 • crease, fold, crumple. köýnegiň ~laryny ütüklemek to iron the creases of a shirt. ~ atmak to crease. bu mata erbet ~ atýar this material creases badly.

ýygy-ýygydan   adv. often, frequently.

ýykgyn   -. side. ~ etmek to take someone's side, side with someone.

ýykmak   v. 1 • to demolish, pull down (e.g., building).

2 • to fell, bring down.

3 • to push into, make fall into. çukura ~ to push into a pit.

4 • to win, beat (e.g., fight). göreşde ~ to beat at wrestling.

5 • to fail. Mugallym talyby ekzamende ýykdy. The teacher failed the student in an examination.

göwnüni ~   to offend.

öýüni ~   to put someone in a difficult situation.

ýykan-ýumran   [ýyka:n-ýumra:n] adj. completely destroyed, demolished. ~ etmek to destroy, demolish, ruin, wreck. ~ bolmak to become destroyed, go to ruin, collapse.

ýykylmak   v. 1 • to collapse, fall down, fall over, become destroyed, be demolished, be wrecked, be ruined. jaý ýykylypdyr the house has fallen into ruin.

2 • to be beaten. göreşde ~ to be beaten in wrestling.

3 • to fall down. gaýadan ~ to fall down the cliff.

4 • to fail. ol giriş ekzamenlerde ýykyldy he failed in the entrance examinations.

aýagyna ~   to entreat (for), beg.

gülüp, kese ~   to laugh one's head off, laugh until you can't laugh any more.

1 • to collapse.

Usage: fight 2 • to be beaten. göreşde ~ to be beaten at wrestling.

3 • to fall off. gaýadan ~ to fall off a cliff.

Usage: exam 4 • to fail.

aýagyna ~   to beg.

gülüp, kese ~   to laugh one's head off.

ýyl   n. year. geljek ~ next year. öten ~ last year. ~ba-~ every year. ~ ~dan from one year to the next. ~yň-~yna from one year to the next. ~ kesmek to sentence. Sud oňa ýyl kesdi. The judge gave him his sentence.

~a dönmek   to last a long time.

ýyladyş   n. heating.

ýylamak   v. to get warm, become warm. Howa ýylady. The weather became warm.

ýylan   [ýyla:n] n. snake. ~yň gowy snake scales. ~yň zäheri venom.

ýylatmak   v. to warm, heat. suwy ~ to heat the water.

ýyldyrym   n. lightning. ~ çakýar it is lightning.

ýyldyz   n. star. Zöhre ~y Venus. kino ~y filmstar.

ýylgyn   n. tamarisk. Category: bot.

ýylgyrmak   v. Usage: one person to smile. Ol ýylgyryp jogap berdi. He answered, smiling.

ýylgyryşmak   v. Usage: two or more people, together to smile. See: ýylgyrmak.

ýylky   n. horse. ~ sürüsi herd of horses.

ýyllyk   n. anniversary. Garaşsyzlygyň sekiz ýyllygy the 8th anniversary of Independence.

ýylsaýyn   [ýylsa:ýyn] adv. annually, every year, yearly, year by year. ~ ösmek to grow year by year.

ýyly   adj. 1 • warm. Usage: inanimate Bu ýer ~ It is warm here. ~ eşikler warm clothes.

Usage: person 2 • kind, warm. ~ sözler kind words.

ýylygyrşy   n. smile.

ýylylyk   n. 1 • warmth. howanyň ýylylygy warmth of the air.

2 • warmth, cordiality.

Usage: physics 3 • heat. ~ birligi calorie, thermal unit.

ýyndam   racing. See: ýyldam.

ýyndamlyk    See: ýyldamlyk.

ýyrşarmak   v. to smirk, grin, smile.

ýyrtmak   v. to tear. haty ~ to tear up a letter. eşikleriňi ~ to tear one's clothes.

ýaka ~   Lit: to tear one's collar to get worked up about.

ýyrtyjy   adj. predatory. ~ haýwanlar predatory animals. ~ guşlar birds of prey.

ýyrtylmak   v. to be/become torn.